tshark(1) — Linux manual page

NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | OPTIONS | DISSECTION OPTIONS | DIAGNOSTIC OPTIONS | CAPTURE FILTER SYNTAX | READ FILTER SYNTAX | FILES | OUTPUT | ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES | SEE ALSO | NOTES | AUTHORS

TSHARK(1)                                                       TSHARK(1)

NAME         top

       tshark - Dump and analyze network traffic

SYNOPSIS         top

       tshark [ -i <capture interface>|- ] [ -f <capture filter> ] [ -2 ]
       [ -r <infile> ] [ -w <outfile>|- ] [ options ] [ <filter> ]

       tshark -h|--help

       tshark -v|--version

DESCRIPTION         top

       TShark is a network protocol analyzer. It lets you capture packet
       data from a live network, or read packets from a previously saved
       capture file, either printing a decoded form of those packets to
       the standard output or writing the packets to a file. TShark's
       native capture file format is pcapng format, which is also the
       format used by Wireshark and various other tools.

       Without any options set, TShark will work much like tcpdump. It
       will use the pcap library to capture traffic from the first
       available network interface and displays a summary line on the
       standard output for each received packet.

       When run with the -r option, specifying a capture file from which
       to read, TShark will again work much like tcpdump, reading packets
       from the file and displaying a summary line on the standard output
       for each packet read. TShark is able to detect, read and write the
       same capture files that are supported by Wireshark. The input file
       doesn’t need a specific filename extension; the file format and an
       optional gzip, Zstandard, or LZ4 compression will be automatically
       detected. Near the beginning of the DESCRIPTION section of
       wireshark(1) or
       https://www.wireshark.org/docs/man-pages/wireshark.html is a
       detailed description of the way Wireshark handles this, which is
       the same way TShark handles this.

       Compressed file support uses (and therefore requires) the zlib
       library. If the zlib library is not present when compiling TShark,
       it will be possible to compile it, but the resulting program will
       be unable to read compressed files. Similarly, LZ4 and ZStandard
       also require their respective libraries.

       When displaying packets on the standard output, TShark writes, by
       default, a summary line containing the fields specified by the
       preferences file (which are also the fields displayed in the
       packet list pane in Wireshark), although if it’s writing packets
       as it captures them, rather than writing packets from a saved
       capture file, it won’t show the "frame number" field. If the -V
       option is specified, it instead writes a view of the details of
       the packet, showing all the fields of all protocols in the packet.
       If the -O option is specified, it will only show the full details
       for the protocols specified, and show only the top-level detail
       line for all other protocols. Use the output of "tshark -G
       protocols" to find the abbreviations of the protocols you can
       specify. If the -P option is specified with either the -V or -O
       options, both the summary line for the entire packet and the
       details will be displayed.

       Packet capturing is performed with the pcap library. That library
       supports specifying a filter expression; packets that don’t match
       that filter are discarded. The -f option is used to specify a
       capture filter. The syntax of a capture filter is defined by the
       pcap library; this syntax is different from the display filter
       syntax described below, and the filtering mechanism is limited in
       its abilities.

       Display filters in TShark, which allow you to select which packets
       are to be decoded or written to a file, are very powerful; more
       fields are filterable in TShark than in other protocol analyzers,
       and the syntax you can use to create your filters is richer. As
       TShark progresses, expect more and more protocol fields to be
       allowed in display filters. Display filters use the same syntax as
       display and color filters in Wireshark; a display filter is
       specified with the -Y option.

       Display filters can be specified when capturing or when reading
       from a capture file. Note that capture filters are much more
       efficient than display filters, and it may be more difficult for
       TShark to keep up with a busy network if a display filter is
       specified for a live capture, so you might be more likely to lose
       packets if you’re using a display filter.

       A capture or display filter can either be specified with the -f or
       -Y option, respectively, in which case the entire filter
       expression must be specified as a single argument (which means
       that if it contains spaces, it must be quoted), or can be
       specified with command-line arguments after the option arguments,
       in which case all the arguments after the filter arguments are
       treated as a filter expression. If the filter is specified with
       command-line arguments after the option arguments, it’s a capture
       filter if a capture is being done (i.e., if no -r option was
       specified) and a display filter if a capture file is being read
       (i.e., if a -r option was specified).

       If the -w option is specified when capturing packets or reading
       from a capture file, TShark does not display packets on the
       standard output. Instead, it writes the packets to a capture file
       with the name specified by the -w option. Note that display
       filters are currently not supported when capturing and saving the
       captured packets.

       If you want to write the decoded form of packets to a file, run
       TShark without the -w option, and redirect its standard output to
       the file (do not use the -w option).

       If you want the packets to be displayed to the standard output and
       also saved to a file, specify the -P option in addition to the -w
       option to have the summary line displayed, specify the -V option
       in addition to the -w option to have the details of the packet
       displayed, and specify the -O option, with a list of protocols, to
       have the full details of the specified protocols and the top-level
       detail line for all other protocols to be displayed. If the -P
       option is used together with the -V or -O option, the summary line
       will be displayed along with the detail lines.

       When writing packets to a file, TShark, by default, writes the
       file in pcapng format, and writes all of the packets it sees to
       the output file. The -F option can be used to specify the format
       in which to write the file. The list of available file formats is
       displayed by the -F option without a value. However, for a live
       capture, you can only specify a file format supported by
       dumpcap(1), viz. pcapng or pcap. The --compress option can be used
       to specify a compression method as well; the list of supported
       compression methods for writing can be displayed by the --compress
       method without an argument. If the --compress option is not given,
       then the desired compression method, if any, is deduced from the
       extension of the filename given as argument to the -w option.

       When capturing packets, TShark writes to the standard error an
       initial line listing the interfaces from which packets are being
       captured and, if packet information isn’t being displayed to the
       terminal, writes a continuous count of packets captured to the
       standard output. If the -q option is specified, neither the
       continuous count nor the packet information will be displayed;
       instead, at the end of the capture, a count of packets captured
       will be displayed. If the -Q option is specified, neither the
       initial line, nor the packet information, nor any packet counts
       will be displayed. If the -q or -Q option is used, the -P, -V, or
       -O option can be used to cause the corresponding output to be
       displayed even though other output is suppressed.

       When reading packets, the -q and -Q option will suppress the
       display of the packet summary or details; this would be used if -z
       options are specified in order to display statistics, so that only
       the statistics, not the packet information, is displayed.

       The -G option is a special mode that simply causes TShark to dump
       one of several types of internal glossaries and then exit.

OPTIONS         top

       -2

           Perform a two-pass analysis. This causes TShark to buffer
           output until the entire first pass is done, but allows it to
           fill in fields that require future knowledge, such as
           'response in frame #' fields. Also permits reassembly frame
           dependencies to be calculated correctly. This requires the
           ability to seek backwards on the input, and as such cannot be
           used with live captures or when reading from a pipe or FIFO.

       -a|--autostop  <capture autostop condition>

           Specify a criterion that specifies when TShark is to stop
           writing to a capture file. The criterion is of the form
           test:value, where test is one of:

           duration:value Stop writing to a capture file after value
           seconds have elapsed. Floating point values (e.g. 0.5) are
           allowed.

           files:value Stop writing to capture files after value number
           of files were written.

           filesize:value Stop writing to a capture file after it reaches
           a size of value kB. If this option is used together with the
           -b option, TShark will stop writing to the current capture
           file and switch to the next one if filesize is reached. When
           reading a capture file, TShark will stop reading the file
           after the number of bytes read exceeds this number (the
           complete packet  will be read, so more bytes than this number
           may be read). Note that the filesize is limited to a maximum
           value of 2 TB, although you might have problems before then if
           the number of packets exceeds exceeds 232 (4294967296).

           packets:value switch to the next file after it contains value
           packets. This does not include any packets that do not pass
           the display filter, so it may differ from -c<capture packet
           count>.

       -A  <user>:<password>

           Specify a user and a password when TShark captures from a
           rpcap:// interface where authentication is required.

           This option is available with libpcap with enabled remote
           support.

       -b|--ring-buffer  <capture ring buffer option>

           Cause TShark to run in "multiple files" mode. In "multiple
           files" mode, TShark will write to several capture files. When
           the first capture file fills up, TShark will switch writing to
           the next file and so on.

           The created filenames are based on the filename given with the
           -w option, the number of the file and on the creation date and
           time, e.g. outfile_00001_20250714120117.pcap,
           outfile_00002_20250714120523.pcap, ...

           With the files option it’s also possible to form a "ring
           buffer". This will fill up new files until the number of files
           specified, at which point TShark will discard the data in the
           first file and start writing to that file and so on. If the
           files option is not set, new files filled up until one of the
           capture stop conditions match (or until the disk is full).

           The criterion is of the form key:value, where key is one of:

           duration:value switch to the next file after value seconds
           have elapsed, even if the current file is not completely
           filled up. Floating point values (e.g. 0.5) are allowed.

           files:value begin again with the first file after value number
           of files were written (form a ring buffer). This value must be
           less than 100000. Caution should be used when using large
           numbers of files: some filesystems do not handle many files in
           a single directory well. The files criterion requires either
           duration, interval or filesize to be specified to control when
           to go to the next file. It should be noted that each -b
           parameter takes exactly one criterion; to specify two
           criterion, each must be preceded by the -b option.

           filesize:value switch to the next file after it reaches a size
           of value kB. Note that the filesize is limited to a maximum
           value of 2 TB, although you might have problems before then if
           the number of packets exceeds exceeds 232 (4294967296).

           interval:value switch to the next file when the time is an
           exact multiple of value seconds. For example, use 3600 to
           switch to a new file every hour on the hour.

           packets:value switch to the next file after it contains value
           packets.

           printname:filename print the name of the most recently written
           file to filename after the file is closed. filename can be
           stdout or - for standard output, or stderr for standard error.

           nametimenum:value Choose between two save filename templates.
           If value is 1, make running file number part before start time
           part; this is the original and default behaviour (e.g.
           log_00001_20250714164426.pcap). If value is greater than 1,
           make start time part before running number part (e.g.
           log_20210828164426_00001.pcap). The latter makes alphabetical
           sorting order equal to creation time order, and keeps related
           multiple file sets in same directory close to each other.

           Example: tshark -b filesize:1000 -b files:5 results in a ring
           buffer of five files of size one megabyte each.

       -B|--buffer-size  <capture buffer size>

           Set capture buffer size (in MiB, default is 2 MiB). This is
           used by the capture driver to buffer packet data until that
           data can be written to disk. If you encounter packet drops
           while capturing, try to increase this size. Note that, while
           TShark attempts to set the buffer size to 2 MiB by default,
           and can be told to set it to a larger value, the system or
           interface on which you’re capturing might silently limit the
           capture buffer size to a lower value or raise it to a higher
           value.

           This is available on UNIX-compatible systems, such as Linux,
           macOS, \*BSD, Solaris, and AIX, with libpcap 1.0.0 or later,
           and on Windows. It is not available on UNIX-compatible systems
           with earlier versions of libpcap.

           This option can occur multiple times. If used before the first
           occurrence of the -i option, it sets the default capture
           buffer size. If used after an -i option, it sets the capture
           buffer size for the interface specified by the last -i option
           occurring before this option. If the capture buffer size is
           not set specifically, the default capture buffer size is used
           instead.

       -c  <capture packet count>

           Set the maximum number of packets to read when capturing live
           data. If reading a capture file, set the maximum number of
           packets to read. This includes any packets that do not pass
           the display filter, so it may differ from -a packets:<capture
           packet count>.

       -C  <configuration profile>

           Run with the given configuration profile.

           If used in conjunction with --global-profile, the specified
           profile will be loaded from the global configuration directory
           instead of the user’s personal configuration directory.
           (typically on UN*X'/usr/share/wireshark/profiles', On Windows,
           the directory is a profiles subdirectory of the directory in
           which Wireshark was installed, e.g., C:\Program
           Files\Wireshark\profiles. On macOS, when running from an app
           bundle, it is the Contents/Resources/share/wireshark/profiles
           subdirectory within the app bundle.)

           This option is useful in shared environments or automated
           testing setups where consistent configurations are needed, and
           user-specific settings should be avoided.

       -D|--list-interfaces

           Print a list of the interfaces on which TShark can capture,
           and exit. For each network interface, a number and an
           interface name, possibly followed by a text description of the
           interface, is printed. The interface name or the number can be
           supplied to the -i flag to specify an interface on which to
           capture. The number can be useful on Windows systems, where
           the interfaces have long names that usually contain a GUID.

       -e  <field>

           Add a field to the list of fields to display if -T
           ek|fields|json|pdml is selected. This option can be used
           multiple times on the command line. At least one field must be
           provided if the -T fields option is selected. Column types may
           be used prefixed with "_ws.col." Prefixing the field name with
           an at sign (@) will display the data as hex bytes.

           Example: tshark -T fields -e frame.number -e ip.addr -e udp -e
           _ws.col.info

           Fields are separated by tab characters by default. -E controls
           the format of the printed fields. Giving a protocol rather
           than a single field will print the protocol summary (subtree
           label) from the packet details as a single field. If the
           protocol summary contains only the protocol name (e.g.
           "Hypertext Transfer Protocol") then the protocol filter name
           ("http") will be printed.

       -E  <field print option>

           Set an option controlling the printing of fields when -T
           fields is selected.

           Options are:

           bom=y|n If y, prepend output with the UTF-8 byte order mark
           (hexadecimal ef, bb, bf). Defaults to n.

           header=y|n If y, print a list of the field names given using
           -e as the first line of the output; the field name will be
           separated using the same character as the field values.
           Defaults to n.

           separator=/t|/s|<character> Set the separator character to use
           for fields. If /t tab will be used (this is the default), if
           /s, a single space will be used. Otherwise any character that
           can be accepted by the command line as part of the option may
           be used.

           occurrence=f|l|a Select which occurrence to use for fields
           that have multiple occurrences. If f the first occurrence will
           be used, if l the last occurrence will be used and if a all
           occurrences will be used (this is the default).

           aggregator=,|/s|<character> Set the aggregator character to
           use for fields that have multiple occurrences. If , a comma
           will be used (this is the default), if /s, a single space will
           be used. Otherwise any character that can be accepted by the
           command line as part of the option may be used.

           quote=d|s|n Set the quote character to use to surround fields.
           d uses double-quotes, s single-quotes, n no quotes (the
           default). If the quote character appears in a field value, it
           will be escaped by being duplicated.

           escape=y|n If y, the whitespace control characters (tab, line
           feed, carriage return, form feed, and vertical tab) backspace,
           and the backslash will be replaced in field values by C-style
           escapes, e.g. "\n" for line feed. If n, field value strings
           will be printed as-is. Defaults to y.

       -f  <capture filter>

           Set the capture filter expression.

           This option can occur multiple times. If used before the first
           occurrence of the -i option, it sets the default capture
           filter expression. If used after an -i option, it sets the
           capture filter expression for the interface specified by the
           last -i option occurring before this option. If the capture
           filter expression is not set specifically, the default capture
           filter expression is used if provided.

           Pre-defined capture filter names, as shown in the GUI menu
           item Capture→Capture Filters, can be used by prefixing the
           argument with "predef:". Example: tshark -f
           "predef:MyPredefinedHostOnlyFilter"

       -F  <file format>
           Set the file format of the output capture file written using
           the -w option. The output written with the -w option is raw
           packet data, not text, so there is no -F option to request
           text output. The option -F without a value will list the
           available formats. The default is the pcapng format (unless
           the default has been changed in preferences.) .

       -g
           This option causes the output file(s) to be created with
           group-read permission (meaning that the output file(s) can be
           read by other members of the calling user’s group).

       -G  <report type>

           The -G option will cause TShark to dump one of several types
           of glossaries and then exit. The glossary type is now
           mandatory; previous versions generated the fields report by
           default when no type was given. With one exception, the
           reports reflect the current configuration, including that
           given by a -C option or as modified by other command line
           options. Using the report type of help lists all the current
           report types.

           The available report types include:

           column-formats Dumps the column formats understood by TShark.
           There is one record per line. The fields are tab-delimited.

           Field 1
               format string (e.g. "%rD")

           Field 2
               text description of format string (e.g. "Dest port
               (resolved)")

           Field 3
               field abbreviation used for the column text (e.g.
               "_ws.col.res_dst_port")

           This report is followed by a usage example that demonstrates
           how to change the columns by overriding the gui.column.format
           preference value with -o.

           currentprefs  Dumps a copy of the current preferences file to
           stdout.

           decodes Dumps the "layer type"/"decode as" associations to
           stdout. There is one record per line. The fields are
           tab-delimited.

           Field 1
               layer type, e.g. "tcp.port"

           Field 2
               selector in the base for display

           Field 3
               "decode as" name, e.g. "http"

           defaultprefs  Dumps a default preferences file to stdout. This
           report is unaffected by other command line arguments.

           dissectors  Dumps a list of registered dissectors to stdout.
           There is one record per line. The fields are tab-delimited.

           Field 1
               dissector name

           Field 2
               dissector description

           dissector-tables  Dumps a list of dissector tables to stdout.
           There is one record per line. The fields are tab-delimited.

           Field 1
               dissector table name, e.g. "tcp.port"

           Field 2
               name used for the dissector table in the GUI

           Field 3
               type (textual representation of the ftenum type, or
               "heuristic")

           Field 4
               base for display (for integer types)

           Field 5
               protocol name

           Field 6
               "decode as" support (for non-heuristic tables)

           elastic-mapping[,filter]  Dumps the ElasticSearch mapping file
           to stdout. Fields falling in the default case (string) won’t
           be mapped.

           filter is an optional list of comma separated protocol filter
           names that limits the generated mapping file to the specified
           protocols, to avoid a huge mapping file that can choke some
           software (such as Kibana). E.g.,

               tshark -G elastic-mapping,ip,udp,dns

           enterprises Dumps the IANA Private Enterprise Number (PEN)
           table.

           fieldcount  Dumps the number of header fields to stdout.

           fields[,prefix]  Dumps the contents of the registration
           database to stdout. An independent program can take this
           output and format it into nice tables or HTML or whatever.
           There is one record per line. Each record is either a protocol
           or a header field, differentiated by the first field. The
           fields are tab-delimited.

           Protocols

           Field 1
               'P'

           Field 2
               descriptive protocol name

           Field 3
               protocol abbreviation

           Header Fields

           Field 1
               'F'

           Field 2
               descriptive field name

           Field 3
               field abbreviation

           Field 4
               type (textual representation of the ftenum type)

           Field 5
               parent protocol abbreviation

           Field 6
               base for display (for integer types); "parent bitfield
               width" for FT_BOOLEAN

           Field 7
               bitmask: format: hex: 0x....

           Field 8
               blurb describing field

           An optional search prefix argument can be given to fields, in
           which case the output is limited to protocols and fields whose
           abbreviation starts with the search prefix.

           Search Output

           Field 1
               protocol or field abbreviation

           Field 2
               descriptive protocol or field name

           folders Dumps various folders used by TShark. This is
           essentially the same data reported in Wireshark’s About |
           Folders tab. There is one record per line. The fields are
           tab-delimited.

           Field 1
               Folder type (e.g "Personal configuration:")

           Field 2
               Folder location (e.g. "/home/vagrant/.config/wireshark/")

           ftypes Dumps the "ftypes" (fundamental types) understood by
           TShark. There is one record per line. The fields are
           tab-delimited.

           Field 1
               FTYPE (e.g "FT_IPv6")

           Field 2
               text description of type (e.g. "IPv6 address")

           heuristic-decodes Dumps the heuristic decodes currently
           installed. There is one record per line. The fields are
           tab-delimited.

           Field 1
               heuristic dissector table name (e.g. "tcp")

           Field 2
               name of heuristic decoder (e.g. "ucp")

           Field 3
               heuristic enabled (e.g. "T" or "F")

           Field 4
               heuristic enabled by default (e.g. "T" or "F")

           Field 5
               heuristic short name (e.g. "ucp_tcp")

           Field 6
               heuristic display name (e.g. "UCP over TCP")

           help Displays the available report types.

           manuf Dumps the MAC address lookup table in manuf format.

           plugins Dumps the plugins currently installed. There is one
           record per line. The fields are tab-delimited.

           Field 1
               plugin library/Lua script/extcap executable (e.g.
               "gryphon.so")

           Field 2
               plugin version (e.g. 0.0.4)

           Field 3
               plugin type ("dissector", "tap", "file type", etc.)

           Field 4
               full path to plugin file

           protocols Dumps the protocols in the registration database to
           stdout. An independent program can take this output and format
           it into nice tables or HTML or whatever. There is one record
           per line. The fields are tab-delimited.

           Field 1
               protocol name

           Field 2
               protocol short name

           Field 3
               protocol filter name

           Field 4
               protocol enabled (e.g. "T" or "F")

           Field 5
               protocol enabled by default (e.g. "T" or "F")

           Field 6
               protocol can toggle (e.g. "T" or "F")

           services Dumps the TCP, UDP, and SCTP transport service (port)
           table.

           values Dumps the value_strings, range_strings or true/false
           strings for fields that have them. There is one record per
           line. Fields are tab-delimited. There are three types of
           records: Value String, Range String and True/False String. The
           first field, 'V', 'R' or 'T', indicates the type of record.

           Value Strings

           Field 1
               'V'

           Field 2
               field abbreviation to which this value string corresponds

           Field 3
               Integer value

           Field 4
               String

           Range Strings

           Field 1
               'R'

           Field 2
               field abbreviation to which this range string corresponds

           Field 3
               Integer value: lower bound

           Field 4
               Integer value: upper bound

           Field 5
               String

           True/False Strings

           Field 1
               'T'

           Field 2
               field abbreviation to which this true/false string
               corresponds

           Field 3
               True String

           Field 4
               False String

       -h|--help
           Print the version number and options and exit.

       -H  <input hosts file>

           Read a list of entries from a "hosts" file, which will then be
           written to a capture file. Implies -W n. Can be called
           multiple times.

           The "hosts" file format is documented at
           https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_(file).

       -i|--interface  <capture interface> | -

           Set the name of the network interface or pipe to use for live
           packet capture.

           Network interface names should match one of the names listed
           in "tshark -D" (described above); a number, as reported by
           "tshark -D", can also be used.

           If no interface is specified, TShark searches the list of
           interfaces, choosing the first non-loopback interface if there
           are any non-loopback interfaces, and choosing the first
           loopback interface if there are no non-loopback interfaces. If
           there are no interfaces at all, TShark reports an error and
           doesn’t start the capture.

           Pipe names should be either the name of a FIFO (named pipe) or
           "-" to read data from the standard input. On Windows systems,
           pipe names must be of the form "\\.\pipe\pipename". Data read
           from pipes must be in standard pcapng or pcap format. Pcapng
           data must have the same endianness as the capturing host.

           "TCP@<host>:<port>" causes TShark to attempt to connect to the
           specified port on the specified host and read pcapng or pcap
           data.

           This option can occur multiple times. When capturing from
           multiple interfaces, the capture file will be saved in pcapng
           format.

       -I|--monitor-mode

           Put the interface in "monitor mode"; this is supported only on
           IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi interfaces, and supported only on some
           operating systems.

           Note that in monitor mode the adapter might disassociate from
           the network with which it’s associated, so that you will not
           be able to use any wireless networks with that adapter. This
           could prevent accessing files on a network server, or
           resolving host names or network addresses, if you are
           capturing in monitor mode and are not connected to another
           network with another adapter.

           This option can occur multiple times. If used before the first
           occurrence of the -i option, it enables the monitor mode for
           all interfaces. If used after an -i option, it enables the
           monitor mode for the interface specified by the last -i option
           occurring before this option.

       -j  <protocol match filter>

           Protocol match filter used for ek|json|jsonraw|pdml output
           file types. Only the protocol’s parent node is included. Child
           nodes are only included if explicitly specified in the filter.

           Example: tshark -T json -j "ip ip.flags http"

       -J  <protocol match filter>

           Protocol top level filter used for ek|json|jsonraw|pdml output
           file types. The protocol’s parent node and all child nodes are
           included. Lower-level protocols must be explicitly specified
           in the filter.

           Example: tshark -T pdml -J "tcp http"

       -l

           Flush the standard output after the information for each
           packet is printed. (This is not, strictly speaking,
           line-buffered if -V was specified; however, it is the same as
           line-buffered if -V wasn’t specified, as only one line is
           printed for each packet, and, as -l is normally used when
           piping a live capture to a program or script, so that output
           for a packet shows up as soon as the packet is seen and
           dissected, it should work just as well as true line-buffering.
           We do this as a workaround for a deficiency in the Microsoft
           Visual C++ C library.) This also sets --update-interval to 0
           ms.

           This may be useful when piping the output of TShark to another
           program, as it means that the program to which the output is
           piped will see the dissected data for a packet as soon as
           TShark sees the packet and generates that output, rather than
           seeing it only when the standard output buffer containing that
           data fills up.

       -L|--list-data-link-types
           List the data link types supported by the interface and exit.
           The reported link types can be used for the -y option.

       -o  <preference>:<value>

           Set a preference value, overriding the default value and any
           value read from a preference file. The argument to the option
           is a string of the form prefname:value, where prefname is the
           name of the preference (which is the same name that would
           appear in the preference file), and value is the value to
           which it should be set.

               Note

               TShark does not save preferences, so use this for
               temporary changes for a single execution. To permanently
               set a preference, change it in the Wireshark GUI or edit
               the preference file directly, creating multiple
               configuration profiles if you need different preference
               sets for different occasions.

       -O  <protocols>

           Similar to the -V option, but causes TShark to only show a
           detailed view of the comma-separated list of protocols
           specified, and show only the top-level detail line for all
           other protocols, rather than a detailed view of all protocols.
           Use the output of "tshark -G protocols" to find the
           abbreviations of the protocols you can specify.

       -p|--no-promiscuous-mode

           Don’t put the interface into promiscuous mode. Note that the
           interface might be in promiscuous mode for some other reason;
           hence, -p cannot be used to ensure that the only traffic that
           is captured is traffic sent to or from the machine on which
           TShark is running, broadcast traffic, and multicast traffic to
           addresses received by that machine.

           This option can occur multiple times. If used before the first
           occurrence of the -i option, no interface will be put into the
           promiscuous mode. If used after an -i option, the interface
           specified by the last -i option occurring before this option
           will not be put into the promiscuous mode.

       -P|--print

           Decode and display the packet summary or details, even if
           writing raw packet data using the -w option, and even if
           packet output is otherwise suppressed with -Q.

       -q

           When capturing packets, don’t display the continuous count of
           packets captured that is normally shown when saving a capture
           to a file; instead, just display, at the end of the capture, a
           count of packets captured. On systems that support the SIGINFO
           signal, such as various BSDs, you can cause the current count
           to be displayed by typing your "status" character (typically
           control-T, although it might be set to "disabled" by default
           on at least some BSDs, so you’d have to explicitly set it to
           use it).

           When reading a capture file, or when capturing and not saving
           to a file, don’t print packet information; this is useful if
           you’re using a -z option to calculate statistics and don’t
           want the packet information printed, just the statistics.

       -Q

           When capturing packets, don’t display, on the standard error,
           the initial message indicating on which interfaces the capture
           is being done, the continuous count of packets captured shown
           when saving a capture to a file, and the final message giving
           the count of packets captured. Only true errors are displayed
           on the standard error.

           This outputs less than the -q option, so the interface name
           and total packet count and the end of a capture are not sent
           to stderr.

           When reading a capture file, or when capturing and not saving
           to a file, don’t print packet information; this is useful if
           you’re using a -z option to calculate statistics and don’t
           want the packet information printed, just the statistics.

       -r|--read-file  <infile>

           Read packet data from infile, can be any supported capture
           file format (including compressed files). It is possible to
           use named pipes or stdin (-) here but only with certain
           capture file formats (in particular: those that can be read
           without seeking backwards.)

               Tip

               Reading a live capture from the standard out of another
               process through a pipe can circumvent restrictions that
               apply to TShark during live capture, such as file formats
               or compression.

       -R|--read-filter  <Read filter>

           Cause the specified filter (which uses the syntax of
           read/display filters, rather than that of capture filters) to
           be applied during the first pass of analysis. Packets not
           matching the filter are not considered for future passes. Only
           makes sense with multiple passes, see -2. For regular
           filtering on single-pass dissect see -Y instead.

           Note that forward-looking fields such as 'response in frame #'
           cannot be used with this filter, since they will not have been
           calculated when this filter is applied.

       -s|--snapshot-length  <capture snaplen>

           Set the default snapshot length to use when capturing live
           data. No more than snaplen bytes of each network packet will
           be read into memory, or saved to disk. A value of 0 specifies
           a snapshot length of 262144, so that the full packet is
           captured; this is the default.

           This option can occur multiple times. If used before the first
           occurrence of the -i option, it sets the default snapshot
           length. If used after an -i option, it sets the snapshot
           length for the interface specified by the last -i option
           occurring before this option. If the snapshot length is not
           set specifically, the default snapshot length is used if
           provided.

       -S  <separator>
           Set the line separator to be printed between packets.

       -T  ek|fields|json|jsonraw|pdml|ps|psml|tabs|text

           Set the format of the output when viewing decoded packet data.
           The options are one of:

           ek Newline delimited JSON format for bulk import into
           Elasticsearch. It can be used with -j or -J to specify which
           protocols to include or with -x to include raw hex-encoded
           packet data. If -P is specified it will print the packet
           summary only, with both -P and -V it will print the packet
           summary and packet details. If neither -P or -V are used it
           will print the packet details only. Example of usage to import
           data into Elasticsearch:

               tshark -T ek -j "http tcp ip" -P -V -x -r file.pcap > file.json
               curl -H "Content-Type: application/x-ndjson" -XPOST http://elasticsearch:9200/_bulk --data-binary "@file.json"

           Elastic requires a mapping file to be loaded as template for
           packets-* index in order to convert Wireshark types to elastic
           types. This file can be auto-generated with the command
           "tshark -G elastic-mapping". Since the mapping file can be
           huge, protocols can be selected by using the option
           --elastic-mapping-filter:

               tshark -G elastic-mapping --elastic-mapping-filter ip,udp,dns

           or adding the filter directly to the -G elastic-mapping
           option:

               tshark -G elastic-mapping,ip,udp,dns

           fields The values of fields specified with the -e option, in a
           form specified by the -E option. For example,

               tshark -T fields -E separator=, -E quote=d

           would generate comma-separated values (CSV) output suitable
           for importing into your favorite spreadsheet program.

           json JSON file format. It can be used with -j or -J to specify
           which protocols to include or with -x option to include raw
           hex-encoded packet data. Example of usage:

               tshark -T json -r file.pcap
               tshark -T json -j "http tcp ip" -x -r file.pcap

           jsonraw JSON file format including only raw hex-encoded packet
           data. It can be used with -j or -J to specify which protocols
           to include. Example of usage:

               tshark -T jsonraw -r file.pcap
               tshark -T jsonraw -j "http tcp ip" -x -r file.pcap

           pdml Packet Details Markup Language, an XML-based format for
           the details of a decoded packet. This information is
           equivalent to the packet details printed with the -V option.
           Using the --color option will add color attributes to pdml
           output. These attributes are nonstandard.

           ps PostScript for a human-readable one-line summary of each of
           the packets, or a multi-line view of the details of each of
           the packets, depending on whether the -V option was specified.

           psml Packet Summary Markup Language, an XML-based format for
           the summary information of a decoded packet. This information
           is equivalent to the information shown in the one-line summary
           printed by default. Using the --color option will add color
           attributes to pdml output. These attributes are nonstandard.

           tabs Similar to the default text report except the
           human-readable one-line summary of each packet will include an
           ASCII horizontal tab (0x09) character as a delimiter between
           each column.

           text Text of a human-readable one-line summary of each of the
           packets, or a multi-line view of the details of each of the
           packets, depending on whether the -V option was specified.
           This is the default.

       --temp-dir <directory>

           Specifies the directory into which temporary files (including
           capture files) are to be written. The default behavior on
           UNIX-compatible systems, such as Linux, macOS, \*BSD, Solaris,
           and AIX, is to use the environment variable $TMPDIR if set,
           and the system default, typically /tmp, if it is not. On
           Windows, the %TEMP% environment variable is used, which
           typically defaults to %USERPROFILE%\AppData\Local\Temp.

       -U <tap name>

           PDUs export, exports PDUs from infile to outfile according to
           the tap name given. Use -Y to filter.

           Enter an empty tap name "" or a tap name of ? to get a list of
           available names.

       -v|--version
           Print the full version information and exit.

       -V
           Cause TShark to print a view of the packet details.

       -w  <outfile> | -

           Write raw packet data to outfile or to the standard output if
           outfile is '-'. The -F and --compress options can be used to
           control the file format and compression method. If the latter
           is not given, then the extension may be used to deduce the
           desired compression algorithm, if supported, e.g. a gzip
           archive for '.gz'.

               Note

               -w provides raw packet data, not text. If you want text
               output you need to redirect stdout (e.g. using '>'), don’t
               use the -w option for this.

       -W  <file format option>

           Save extra information in the file if the format supports it.
           For example,

               tshark -F pcapng -W n

           will save host name resolution records along with captured
           packets.

           Future versions of TShark may automatically change the capture
           format to pcapng as needed.

           The argument is a string that may contain the following
           letter:

           n write network address resolution information (pcapng only)

       -x
           Cause TShark to print a hex and ASCII dump of the packet data
           after printing the summary and/or details, if either are also
           being displayed.

       --hexdump <hexoption>

           Cause TShark to print a hex and ASCII dump of the packet data
           with the ability to select which data sources to dump, how to
           format or exclude the ASCII dump text, and whether to print
           the frame timestamp as preamble.

           This option (and -x) can occur multiple times on the command
           line, and the hex dump will only be printed once. In the case
           of conflicting options, the last options given will be used.
           The possible <hexoption> values are:

           all
               Enable hexdump, generate hexdump blocks for all data
               sources associated with each frame. Used to negate earlier
               use of --hexdump frames. The -x option displays all data
               sources by default.

           frames
               Enable hexdump, generate hexdump blocks only for the frame
               data. Use this option to exclude from hexdump output any
               hexdump blocks for secondary data sources such as
               'Bitstring tvb', 'Reassembled TCP', 'De-chunked entity
               body', etc.

           ascii
               Enable hexdump, with undelimited ASCII dump text. Used to
               negate earlier use of --hexdump delimit or --hexdump
               noascii. The -x option displays undelimited ASCII dump
               text by default.

           delimit
               Enable hexdump with the ASCII dump text delimited with '|'
               characters. This is useful to unambiguously determine the
               last of the hex byte text and start of the ASCII dump
               text.

           noascii
               Enable hexdump without printing any ASCII dump text.

           time
               Enable hexdump and print each frame timestamp as preamble.
               The -t option can be used to change the timestamp format.

           notime
               Enable hexdump without print each frame timestamp as
               preamble.

           help
               Display --hexdump specific help then exit.

           The use of --hexdump <hexoption> is particularly useful to
           generate output that can be used to create a pcap or pcapng
           file from a capture file type such as Microsoft NetMon 2.x
           which TShark and Wireshark can read but can not directly do a
           "Save as" nor export packets from.

           Examples:

           Generate hexdump output, with only the frame data source, with
           delimited ASCII dump text, and with each frame hex block
           preceded by a human readable timestamp in the local time zone
           that is directly usable by the text2pcap utility:

               tshark ... --hexdump frames --hexdump delimit --hexdump time -t ad \
                   | text2pcap -t 'ISO' - MYNEWPCAPNG

           Generate hexdump output, with only the frame data source, with
           the default ASCII dump text with no delimiter, and with each
           frame hex block preceded by a human readable timestamp in UTC
           that is directly usable by the text2pcap utility with the -a
           option:

               tshark ... --hexdump frames --hexdump time -t ud \
                   | text2pcap -a -t 'ISO' - MYNEWPCAPNG

           Generate hexdump output, with only the frame data source, with
           no ASCII dump text, and with each frame hex block preceded by
           an epoch timestamp that is directly usable by the text2pcap
           utility:

               tshark ... --hexdump frames --hexdump noascii --hexdump time -t e \
                   | text2pcap -t %s.%f - MYNEWPCAPNG

       -X <eXtension options>

           Specify an option to be passed to a TShark module. The
           eXtension option is in the form extension_key:value, where
           extension_key can be:

           lua_script:lua_script_filename tells TShark to load the given
           script in addition to the default Lua scripts.

           lua_scriptnum:argument tells TShark to pass the given argument
           to the lua script identified by 'num', which is the number
           indexed order of the 'lua_script' command. For example, if
           only one script was loaded with '-X lua_script:my.lua', then
           '-X lua_script1:foo' will pass the string 'foo' to the
           'my.lua' script. If two scripts were loaded, such as '-X
           lua_script:my.lua' and '-X lua_script:other.lua' in that
           order, then a '-X lua_script2:bar' would pass the string 'bar'
           to the second lua script, namely 'other.lua'.

           read_format:file_format tells TShark to use the given file
           format to read in the file (the file given in the -r command
           option). Providing no file_format argument, or an invalid one,
           will produce a list of available file formats to use. For
           example,

               tshark -r rtcp_broken.pcapng -X read_format:"MIME Files Format" -V

           will display the internal file structure  and allow access to
           the file-pcapng fields.

       -y|--linktype  <capture link type>

           Set the data link type to use while capturing packets. The
           values reported by -L are the values that can be used.

           This option can occur multiple times. If used before the first
           occurrence of the -i option, it sets the default capture link
           type. If used after an -i option, it sets the capture link
           type for the interface specified by the last -i option
           occurring before this option. If the capture link type is not
           set specifically, the default capture link type is used if
           provided.

       -Y|--display-filter  <displaY filter>

           Cause the specified filter (which uses the syntax of
           read/display filters, rather than that of capture filters) to
           be applied before printing a decoded form of packets or
           writing packets to a file. Packets matching the filter are
           printed or written to file; packets that the matching packets
           depend upon (e.g., fragments), are not printed but are written
           to file; packets not matching the filter nor depended upon are
           discarded rather than being printed or written.

           Use this instead of -R for filtering using single-pass
           analysis. If doing two-pass analysis (see -2) then only
           packets matching the read filter (if there is one) will be
           checked against this filter.

       -M  <auto session reset>

           Automatically reset internal session when reached to specified
           number of packets. For example,

               tshark -M 100000

           will reset session every 100000 packets.

           This feature does not support -2 two-pass analysis

       -z  <statistics>

           Get TShark to collect various types of statistics and display
           the result after finishing reading the capture file. Use the
           -q option if you’re reading a capture file and only want the
           statistics printed, not any per-packet information.

           Statistics are calculated independently of the normal
           per-packet output, unaffected by the main display filter.
           However, most have their own optional filter parameter, and
           only packets that match that filter (and any capture filter or
           read filter) will be used in the calculations.

           Note that the -z proto option is different - it doesn’t cause
           statistics to be gathered and printed when the capture is
           complete, it modifies the regular packet summary output to
           include the values of fields specified with the option.
           Therefore you must not use the -q option, as that option would
           suppress the printing of the regular packet summary output,
           and must also not use the -V option, as that would cause
           packet detail information rather than packet summary
           information to be printed.

           Some of the currently implemented statistics are:

       -z help
           Display all possible values for -z.

       -z afp,srt[,filter]
           Show Apple Filing Protocol service response time statistics.

       -z ancp,tree[,filter]
           Calculate statistics on Access Node Control Protocol message
           types and adjacency packet codes.

       -z ansi_a,bsmap[,filter]
           Count the number of ANSI A-I/F BSMAP messages of each type.

       -z ansi_a,dtap[,filter]
           Count the number of ANSI A-I/F DTAP messages of each type.

       -z ansi_map[,filter]
           Count the number of ANSI MAP messages of each type, and
           calculate the total number of bytes and average bytes of each
           message type.

       -z asap,stat[,filter]
           Calculate statistics on Aggregate Service Access Protocol
           (ASAP). For each ASAP message type, displays the number, rate,
           and share among all ASAP message types of both packets and
           bytes, and the first and last time that it is seen.

       -z bacapp_instanceid,tree[,filter]
           Calculate statistics on BACnet APDUs, collated by instance ID.
           Displayed information includes source and destination address
           and service type.

       -z bacapp_ip,tree[,filter]
           Calculate statistics on BACnet APDUs, collated by source and
           destination address. Displayed information includes service
           type, object ID, and instance ID.

       -z bacapp_objectid,tree[,filter]
           Calculate statistics on BACnet APDUs, collated by object ID.
           Displayed information includes source and destination address,
           service type, and instance ID.

       -z bacapp_service,tree[,filter]
           Calculate statistics on BACnet APDUs, collated by service
           type. Displayed information includes source and destination
           address, object ID, and instance ID.

       -z calcappprotocol,stat[,filter]
           Calculate statistics on the Calculation Application Protocol
           of Reliable Server Pooling. For each message type, displays
           the number, rate, and share among all message types of both
           packets and bytes, and the first and last time that it is
           seen.

       -z camel,counter[,filter]
           Count the number of CAMEL messages for each opcode.

       -z camel,srt[,filter]
           Collect requests/response SRT (Service Response Time) data for
           CAMEL. Data collected is number of request messages with
           corresponding response of each CAMEL message type, along with
           the minimum, maximum, and average response time.

       -z collectd,tree[,filter]
           Calculate statistics for collectd. The gathered statistics are
           the number of collectd packets and the total number of value
           segments, along with the host, plugin, and type of the values.

       -z componentstatusprotocol,stat[,filter]
           Calculate statistics on the Calculation Status Protocol of
           Reliable Server Pooling. For each message type, displays the
           number, rate and share among all message types of both packets
           and bytes, and the first and last time that it is seen.

       -z conv,type[,filter]

           Create a table that lists all conversations that could be seen
           in the capture. type specifies the conversation endpoint type
           for which we want to generate the statistics; currently the
           supported ones are:

               "bluetooth"  Bluetooth addresses
               "bpv7"       Bundle Protocol Version 7 addresses
               "dccp"       DCCP/IP socket pairs Both IPv4 and IPv6 are supported
               "dnp3"       DNP3 addresses
               "eth"        Ethernet addresses
               "fc"         Fibre Channel addresses
               "fddi"       FDDI addresses
               "ip"         IPv4 addresses
               "ipv6"       IPv6 addresses
               "ipx"        IPX addresses
               "jxta"       JXTA message addresses
               "ltp"        LTP addresses
               "mptcp"      Multipath TCP connections
               "ncp"        NCP connections
               "openSAFETY" openSAFETY addresses
               "rsvp"       RSVP connections
               "sctp"       SCTP/IP socket pairs Both IPv4 and IPv6 are supported
               "sll"        Linux "cooked mode" capture addresses
               "tcp"        TCP/IP socket pairs  Both IPv4 and IPv6 are supported
               "tr"         Token Ring addresses
               "udp"        UDP/IP socket pairs  Both IPv4 and IPv6 are supported
               "usb"        USB addresses
               "wlan"       IEEE 802.11 addresses
               "wpan"       IEEE 802.15.4 addresses
               "zbee_nwk"   ZigBee Network Layer addresses

           The table is presented with one line for each conversation
           which displays the number of frames/bytes in each direction,
           the total number of frames/bytes, relative start time and
           duration. The table is sorted according to the total number of
           frames.

       -z credentials
           Collect credentials (username/passwords) from packets. The
           report includes the packet number, the protocol that had that
           credential, the username and the password. For protocols just
           using one single field as authentication, this is provided as
           a password and a placeholder in place of the user. Currently
           implemented protocols include FTP, HTTP, IMAP, POP, and SMTP.

       -z dcerpc,srt,uuid,major.minor[,filter]

           Collect call/reply SRT (Service Response Time) data for DCERPC
           interface uuid, version major.minor. Data collected is the
           number of calls for each procedure, MinSRT, MaxSRT and AvgSRT.

           Example: -z
           dcerpc,srt,12345778-1234-abcd-ef00-0123456789ac,1.0 will
           collect data for the CIFS SAMR Interface.

           This option can be used multiple times on the command line.

           Example: -z
           dcerpc,srt,12345778-1234-abcd-ef00-0123456789ac,1.0,ip.addr==1.2.3.4
           will collect SAMR SRT statistics for a specific host.

       -z dests,tree[,filter]
           Calculate statistics on IPv4 destination addresses and the
           protocols and ports appearing on each address.

       -z dhcp,stat[,filter]
           Show DHCP (BOOTP) statistics.

       -z diameter,avp[,cmd.code,field,field,...]

           This option enables extraction of most important diameter
           fields from large capture files. Exactly one text line for
           each diameter message with matched diameter.cmd.code will be
           printed.

           Empty diameter command code or '*' can be specified to match
           any diameter.cmd.code

           Example: -z diameter,avp  extract default field set from
           diameter messages.

           Example: -z diameter,avp,280  extract default field set from
           diameter DWR messages.

           Example: -z diameter,avp,272  extract default field set from
           diameter CC messages.

           Extract most important fields from diameter CC messages:

           tshark -r file.cap.gz -q -z
           diameter,avp,272,CC-Request-Type,CC-Request-Number,Session-Id,Subscription-Id-Data,Rating-Group,Result-Code

           Following fields will be printed out for each diameter
           message:

               "frame"        Frame number.
               "time"         Unix time of the frame arrival.
               "src"          Source address.
               "srcport"      Source port.
               "dst"          Destination address.
               "dstport"      Destination port.
               "proto"        Constant string 'diameter', which can be used for post processing of tshark output. E.g. grep/sed/awk.
               "msgnr"        seq. number of diameter message within the frame. E.g. '2' for the third diameter message in the same frame.
               "is_request"   '0' if message is a request, '1' if message is an answer.
               "cmd"          diameter.cmd_code, E.g. '272' for credit control messages.
               "req_frame"    Number of frame where matched request was found or '0'.
               "ans_frame"    Number of frame where matched answer was found or '0'.
               "resp_time"    response time in seconds, '0' in case if matched Request/Answer is not found in trace. E.g. in the begin or end of capture.

           -z diameter,avp option is much faster than -V -T text or -T
           pdml options.

           -z diameter,avp option is more powerful than -T field and -z
           proto,colinfo options.

           Multiple diameter messages in one frame are supported.

           Several fields with same name within one diameter message are
           supported, e.g. diameter.Subscription-Id-Data or
           diameter.Rating-Group.

           Note: tshark -q option is recommended to suppress default
           TShark output.

       -z diameter,srt[,filter]
           Collect requests/response SRT (Service Response Time) data for
           Diameter. Data collected is number of request and response
           pairs of each Diameter command code, Minimum SRT, Maximum SRT,
           Average SRT, and Sum SRT. Currently no statistics are gathered
           on unpaired messages.

       -z dns,tree[,filter]
           Create a summary of the captured DNS packets. General
           information are collected such as qtype and qclass
           distribution. For some data (as qname length or DNS payload)
           max, min and average values are also displayed.

       -z endpoints,type[,filter]

           Create a table that lists all endpoints that could be seen in
           the capture. type specifies the endpoint type for which we
           want to generate the statistics; currently the supported ones
           are:

               "bluetooth"  Bluetooth addresses
               "bpv7"       Bundle Protocol Version 7 addresses
               "dccp"       DCCP/IP socket pairs Both IPv4 and IPv6 are supported
               "dnp3"       DNP3 addresses
               "eth"        Ethernet addresses
               "fc"         Fibre Channel addresses
               "fddi"       FDDI addresses
               "ip"         IPv4 addresses
               "ipv6"       IPv6 addresses
               "ipx"        IPX addresses
               "jxta"       JXTA message addresses
               "ltp"        LTP addresses
               "mptcp"      Multipath TCP connections
               "ncp"        NCP connections
               "openSAFETY" openSAFETY addresses
               "rsvp"       RSVP connections
               "sctp"       SCTP/IP socket pairs Both IPv4 and IPv6 are supported
               "sll"        Linux "cooked mode" capture addresses
               "tcp"        TCP/IP socket pairs  Both IPv4 and IPv6 are supported
               "tr"         Token Ring addresses
               "udp"        UDP/IP socket pairs  Both IPv4 and IPv6 are supported
               "usb"        USB addresses
               "wlan"       IEEE 802.11 addresses
               "wpan"       IEEE 802.15.4 addresses
               "zbee_nwk"   ZigBee Network Layer addresses

           The table is presented with one line for each endpoint which
           displays the total number of packets/bytes and the number of
           packets/bytes in each direction. The table is sorted according
           to the total number of packets.

       -z enrp,stat[,filter]
           Calculate statistics on Endpoint Handlespace Redundancy
           Protocol (ENRP). For each message type, displays the number,
           rate, and share among all message types of both packets and
           bytes, and the first and last time that it is seen.

       -z expert[,error|,warn|,note|,chat|,comment][,filter]

           Collects information about all expert info, and will display
           them in order, grouped by severity.

           Example: -z expert,sip will show expert items of all severity
           for frames that match the sip protocol.

           This option can be used multiple times on the command line.

           Example: -z "expert,note,tcp" will only collect expert items
           for frames that include the tcp protocol, with a severity of
           note or higher.

       -z f1ap,tree[,filter]
           Calculate the distribution of F1AP packets, grouped by packet
           types.

       -z f5_tmm_dist,tree[,filter]
           Calculate the F5 Ethernet trailer Traffic Management
           Microkernel distribution. Displayed information is the number
           of packets and bytes, grouped by the TMM slot and number,
           whether packets are ingress or egress, and whether there is a
           flow ID and virtual server name, a flow ID without virtual
           server name, or no flow ID, along with total for all packets
           with F5 trailers.

       -z f5_virt_dist,tree[,filter]
           Calculate F5 Ethernet trailer Virtual Server distribution.
           Displayed information is the number of packets and bytes,
           grouped by the virtual server name if it exists, or by whether
           there is a flow ID or not if there is no virtual server name,
           as well as totals for all packets with F5 trailers.

       -z fc,srt[,filter]
           Collect requests/response SRT (Service Response Time) data for
           GTP. Data collected is the number of request/response pairs,
           minimum SRT, maximum SRT, average SRT, and sum SRT for each
           value of the Type field (next protocol). No statistics are
           gathered on unpaired messages.

       -z flow,name,mode[,filter]

           Displays the flow of data between two nodes. Output is the
           same as ASCII format saved from GUI.

           name specifies the flow name. It can be one of:

               any      All frames
               icmp     ICMP
               icmpv6   ICMPv6
               lbm_uim  UIM
               tcp      TCP

           mode specifies the address type. It can be one of:

               standard   Any address
               network    Network address

           Example: -z flow,tcp,network will show data flow for all TCP
           frames

       -z follow,prot,mode,filter[,range]

           Displays the contents of a TCP or UDP stream between two
           nodes. The data sent by the second node is prefixed with a tab
           to differentiate it from the data sent by the first node.

           prot specifies the transport protocol. It can be one of:

               tcp   TCP
               udp   UDP
               dccp  DCCP
               tls   TLS or SSL
               http  HTTP streams
               http2 HTTP/2 streams
               quic  QUIC streams
               mp2t  MPEG-2 TS PIDs
               mpeg-pes MPEG-2 Packetized Element Stream

               Note

               While the usage help presents sip as an option, the proper
               stream filters are not implemented so SIP calls cannot be
               followed in TShark, only in Wireshark.

           mode specifies the output mode. It can be one of:

               ascii  ASCII output with dots for non-printable characters
               ebcdic EBCDIC output with dots for non-printable characters
               hex    Hexadecimal and ASCII data with offsets
               raw    Hexadecimal data
               utf-8  UTF-8 output with REPLACEMENT CHARACTERs for invalid sequences
               yaml   YAML format

           Since the output in ascii, ebcdic, or utf-8 mode may contain
           newlines, each section of output is preceded by its length in
           bytes plus a newline. (Note that for utf-8 this is not UTF-8
           characters, and may be different than the length as
           transmitted due to the substitution of replacement characters
           for invalid sequences.)

           filter specifies the stream to be displayed. There are three
           formats:

               ip-addr0:port0,ip-addr1:port1
               stream-index
               stream-index,substream-index

           The first format specifies IP addresses and TCP, UDP, or DCCP
           port pairs. (TCP ports are used for TLS, HTTP, and HTTP2; UDP
           ports are used for QUIC, MP2T, and MPEG-PS.) Note that this
           format will include all streams multiplexed on the same
           address and port 5-tuple for transports with substreams such
           as HTTP/2, QUIC, and MP2T. In addition, for QUIC this format
           will include all connections sharing the same 5-tuple, and
           will not follow connection migration.

           The second format specifies stream indices, and is used for
           TCP, UDP, DCCP, TLS, and HTTP. (TLS and HTTP use TCP stream
           indices.)

           The third format, specifying streams and substreams, is used
           for HTTP/2, QUIC, MP2T, and MPEG-PES due to their use of
           multiplexing. (TCP stream and HTTP/2 stream indices for
           HTTP/2, QUIC connection number and stream ID for QUIC, MP2T
           stream and PID for MP2T and MPEG-PS.)

           range optionally specifies which "chunks" of the stream should
           be displayed.

           Example: -z "follow,tcp,hex,1" will display the contents of
           the second TCP stream (the first is stream 0) in "hex" format.

               ===================================================================
               Follow: tcp,hex
               Filter: tcp.stream eq 1
               Node 0: 200.57.7.197:32891
               Node 1: 200.57.7.198:2906
               00000000  00 00 00 22 00 00 00 07  00 0a 85 02 07 e9 00 02  ...".... ........
               00000010  07 e9 06 0f 00 0d 00 04  00 00 00 01 00 03 00 06  ........ ........
               00000020  1f 00 06 04 00 00                                 ......
               00000000  00 01 00 00                                       ....
               00000026  00 02 00 00

           Example: -z
           "follow,tcp,ascii,200.57.7.197:32891,200.57.7.198:2906" will
           display the contents of a TCP stream between 200.57.7.197 port
           32891 and 200.57.7.98 port 2906.

               ===================================================================
               Follow: tcp,ascii
               Filter: (omitted for readability)
               Node 0: 200.57.7.197:32891
               Node 1: 200.57.7.198:2906
               38
               ...".....
               ................
               4
               ....

           Example: -z "follow,http2,hex,0,1" will display the contents
           of a HTTP/2 stream on the first TCP session (index 0) with
           HTTP/2 Stream ID 1.

               ===================================================================
               Follow: http2,hex
               Filter: tcp.stream eq 0 and http2.streamid eq 1
               Node 0: 172.16.5.1:49178
               Node 1: 172.16.5.10:8443
               00000000  00 00 2c 01 05 00 00 00  01 82 04 8b 63 c1 ac 2a  ..,..... ....c..*
               00000010  27 1d 9d 57 ae a9 bf 87  41 8c 0b a2 5c 2e 2e da  '..W.... A...\...
               00000020  e1 05 c7 9a 69 9f 7a 88  25 b6 50 c3 ab b6 25 c3  ....i.z. %.P...%.
               00000030  53 03 2a 2f 2a                                    S.*/*
                   00000000  00 00 22 01 04 00 00 00  01 88 5f 87 35 23 98 ac  .."..... .._.5#..
                   00000010  57 54 df 61 96 c3 61 be  94 03 8a 61 2c 6a 08 2f  WT.a..a. ...a,j./
                   00000020  34 a0 5b b8 21 5c 0b ea  62 d1 bf                 4.[.!\.. b..
                   0000002B  00 40 00 00 00 00 00 00  01 89 50 4e 47 0d 0a 1a  .@...... ..PNG...

       -z fractalgeneratorprotocol,stat[,filter]

           Calculate statistics on the Fractal Generator Protocol of
           Reliable Server Pooling. For each message type, displays the
           number, rate and share among all message types of both packets
           and bytes, and the first and last time that it is seen.

       -z gsm_a

           Count the number of GSM A-I/F messages of each type within the
           following categories: BSSMAP, DTAP Mobility Management, DTAP
           Radio Resource Management, DTAP Call Control, DTAP GPRS
           Mobility Management, DTAP SMS messages, DTAP GPRS Session
           Management, DTAP Supplementary Services, DTAP Special
           Conformance Testing Functions, and SACCH Radio Resource
           Management.

           Unlike the individual statistics for each category that
           follow, this only prints a line for each message type that
           appears, instead of including lines for message types with a
           count of zero.

       -z gsm_a,category[,filter]

           Count the number of messages of each type in GSM A-I/F
           category, which can be one of:

               bssmap     BSSMAP
               dtap_cc    DTAP Call Control
               dtap_gmm   DTAP GPRS Mobility Management
               dtap_mm    DTAP Mobility Management
               dtap_rr    DTAP Radio Resource Management
               dtap_sacch SACCH Radio Resource Management
               dtap_sm    DTAP GPRS Session Management
               dtap_sms   DTAP Short Message Service
               dtap_ss    DTAP Supplementary Services
               dtap_tp    DTAP Special Conformance Testing Functions

       -z gsm_map,operation[,filter]
           Calculate statistics on GSM MAP. For each op code, the total
           number of invokes and results, along with the average and
           total bytes for invokes and results separately and combined is
           displayed.

       -z gtp,srt[,filter]
           Collect requests/response SRT (Service Response Time) data for
           GTP. Data collected is the number of calls, minimum SRT,
           maximum SRT, average SRT, and sum SRT for certain commands.
           Currently no statistics are gathered on unpaired messages.

       -z gtpv2,srt[,filter]
           Collect requests/response SRT (Service Response Time) data for
           GTP. Data collected is the number of calls, minimum SRT,
           maximum SRT, average SRT, and sum SRT for certain commands.
           Currently no statistics are gathered on unpaired messages.

       -z h225,counter[,filter]

           Count ITU-T H.225 messages and their reasons. In the first
           column you get a list of H.225 messages and H.225 message
           reasons, which occur in the current capture file. The number
           of occurrences of each message or reason is displayed in the
           second column.

           Example: -z h225,counter.

           Example: use -z "h225,counter,ip.addr==1.2.3.4" to only
           collect stats for H.225 packets exchanged by the host at IP
           address 1.2.3.4 .

           This option can be used multiple times on the command line.

       -z h225_ras,rtd[,filter]

           Collect requests/response RTD (Response Time Delay) data for
           ITU-T H.225 RAS. Data collected is number of calls of each
           ITU-T H.225 RAS Message Type, Minimum RTD, Maximum RTD,
           Average RTD, Minimum in Frame, and Maximum in Frame. You will
           also get the number of Open Requests (Unresponded Requests),
           Discarded Responses (Responses without matching request) and
           Duplicate Messages.

           Example: tshark -z h225_ras,rtd

           This option can be used multiple times on the command line.

           Example: -z "h225_ras,rtd,ip.addr==1.2.3.4" will only collect
           stats for ITU-T H.225 RAS packets exchanged by the host at IP
           address 1.2.3.4 .

       -z hart_ip,tree[,filter]
           Calculate statistics on HART-IP packets, grouping by message
           types and message IDs within types.

       -z hosts[,ip][,ipv4][,ipv6]

           Dump any collected resolved IPv4 and/or IPv6 addresses in
           "hosts" format. Both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses are dumped by
           default. "ip" argument will dump only IPv4 addresses.

           Addresses are collected from a number of sources, including
           standard "hosts" files and captured traffic. Resolution must
           be enabled, e.g. through the -n option.

       -z hpfeeds,tree[,filter]
           Calculate statistics for HPFEEDS traffic such as publish per
           channel, and opcode distribution.

       -z http,stat[,filter]
           Count the HTTP response status codes and the HTTP request
           methods.

       -z http,tree[,filter]
           Calculate the HTTP packet distribution. Displayed values are
           the response status codes and request methods.

       -z http_req,tree[,filter]
           Calculate the HTTP requests by server. Displayed values are
           the server name and the URI path.

       -z http_seq,tree[,filter]
           Calculate the HTTP request sequence statistics, which
           correlate referring URIs with request URIs.

       -z http_srv,tree[,filter]
           Calculate the HTTP requests and responses by server. For the
           HTTP requests, displayed values are the server IP address and
           server hostname. For the HTTP responses, displayed values are
           the server IP address and status.

       -z http2,tree[,filter]
           Calculate the HTTP/2 packet distribution. Displayed values are
           the frame types.

       -z icmp,srt[,filter]

           Compute total ICMP echo requests, replies, loss, and percent
           loss, as well as minimum, maximum, mean, median and sample
           standard deviation SRT statistics typical of what ping
           provides.

           Example: -z icmp,srt,ip.src==1.2.3.4 will collect ICMP SRT
           statistics for ICMP echo request packets originating from a
           specific host.

           This option can be used multiple times on the command line.

       -z icmpv6,srt[,filter]

           Compute total ICMPv6 echo requests, replies, loss, and percent
           loss, as well as minimum, maximum, mean, median and sample
           standard deviation SRT statistics typical of what ping
           provides.

           Example: -z icmpv6,srt,ipv6.src==fe80::1 will collect ICMPv6
           SRT statistics for ICMPv6 echo request packets originating
           from a specific host.

           This option can be used multiple times on the command line.

       -z io,phs[,filter]

           Create Protocol Hierarchy Statistics listing both number of
           packets and bytes.

           This option can be used multiple times on the command line.

       -z io,stat,interval[,filter][,filter][,filter]...

           Collect packet/bytes statistics for the capture in intervals
           of interval seconds. Interval can be specified either as a
           whole or fractional second and can be specified with
           microsecond (us) resolution. If interval is 0, the statistics
           will be calculated over all packets.

           If one or more filters are specified statistics will be
           calculated for all filters and presented with one column of
           statistics for each filter.

           This option can be used multiple times on the command line.

           Example: -z io,stat,1,ip.addr==1.2.3.4 will generate 1 second
           statistics for all traffic to/from host 1.2.3.4.

           Example: -z "io,stat,0.001,smb&&ip.addr==1.2.3.4" will
           generate 1ms statistics for all SMB packets to/from host
           1.2.3.4.

           The examples above all use the standard syntax for generating
           statistics which only calculates the number of packets and
           bytes in each interval.

           io,stat can also do much more statistics and calculate
           COUNT(), SUM(), MIN(), MAX(), AVG() and LOAD() using a
           slightly different filter syntax:

       -z io,stat,interval,"COUNT|SUM|MIN|MAX|AVG|LOAD(field)filter"

               Note

               One important thing to note here is that the filter is not
               optional and that the field that the calculation is based
               on MUST be part of the filter string or the calculation
               will fail.

           So: -z io,stat,0.010,AVG(smb.time) does not work. Use -z
           io,stat,0.010,AVG(smb.time)smb.time instead. Also be aware
           that a field can exist multiple times inside the same packet
           and will then be counted multiple times in those packets.

               Note

               A second important thing to note is that the system
               setting for decimal separator must be set to "."! If it is
               set to "," the statistics will not be displayed per
               filter.

           COUNT - Calculates the number of times that the field name
           (not its value) appears per interval in the filtered packet
           list. ''field'' can be any display filter name.

           Example: -z io,stat,0.010,"COUNT(smb.sid)smb.sid"

           This will count the total number of SIDs seen in each 10ms
           interval.

           SUM - Unlike COUNT, the values of the specified field are
           summed per time interval. ''field'' can only be a named
           integer, float, double or relative time field.

           Example: tshark -z io,stat,0.010,"SUM(frame.len)frame.len"

           Reports the total number of bytes that were transmitted
           bidirectionally in all the packets within a 10 millisecond
           interval.

           MIN/MAX/AVG - The minimum, maximum, or average field value in
           each interval is calculated. The specified field must be a
           named integer, float, double or relative time field. For
           relative time fields, the output is presented in seconds with
           six decimal digits of precision rounded to the nearest
           microsecond.

           In the following example, the time of the first Read_AndX
           call, the last Read_AndX response values are displayed and the
           minimum, maximum, and average Read response times (SRTs) are
           calculated. NOTE: If the DOS command shell line continuation
           character, ''^'' is used, each line cannot end in a comma so
           it is placed at the beginning of each continuation line:

               tshark -o tcp.desegment_tcp_streams:FALSE -n -q -r smb_reads.cap -z io,stat,0,
               "MIN(frame.time_relative)frame.time_relative and smb.cmd==0x2e and smb.flags.response==0",
               "MAX(frame.time_relative)frame.time_relative and smb.cmd==0x2e and smb.flags.response==1",
               "MIN(smb.time)smb.time and smb.cmd==0x2e",
               "MAX(smb.time)smb.time and smb.cmd==0x2e",
               "AVG(smb.time)smb.time and smb.cmd==0x2e"

               ======================================================================================================
               IO Statistics
               Column #0: MIN(frame.time_relative)frame.time_relative and smb.cmd==0x2e and smb.flags.response==0
               Column #1: MAX(frame.time_relative)frame.time_relative and smb.cmd==0x2e and smb.flags.response==1
               Column #2: MIN(smb.time)smb.time and smb.cmd==0x2e
               Column #3: MAX(smb.time)smb.time and smb.cmd==0x2e
               Column #4: AVG(smb.time)smb.time and smb.cmd==0x2e
                               |    Column #0   |    Column #1   |    Column #2   |    Column #3   |    Column #4   |
               Time            |       MIN      |       MAX      |       MIN      |       MAX      |       AVG      |
               000.000-                 0.000000         7.704054         0.000072         0.005539         0.000295
               ======================================================================================================

           The following command displays the average SMB Read response
           PDU size, the total number of read PDU bytes, the average SMB
           Write request PDU size, and the total number of bytes
           transferred in SMB Write PDUs:

               tshark -n -q -r smb_reads_writes.cap -z io,stat,0,
               "AVG(smb.file.rw.length)smb.file.rw.length and smb.cmd==0x2e and smb.response_to",
               "SUM(smb.file.rw.length)smb.file.rw.length and smb.cmd==0x2e and smb.response_to",
               "AVG(smb.file.rw.length)smb.file.rw.length and smb.cmd==0x2f and not smb.response_to",
               "SUM(smb.file.rw.length)smb.file.rw.length and smb.cmd==0x2f and not smb.response_to"

               =====================================================================================
               IO Statistics
               Column #0: AVG(smb.file.rw.length)smb.file.rw.length and smb.cmd==0x2e and smb.response_to
               Column #1: SUM(smb.file.rw.length)smb.file.rw.length and smb.cmd==0x2e and smb.response_to
               Column #2: AVG(smb.file.rw.length)smb.file.rw.length and smb.cmd==0x2f and not smb.response_to
               Column #3: SUM(smb.file.rw.length)smb.file.rw.length and smb.cmd==0x2f and not smb.response_to
                               |    Column #0   |    Column #1   |    Column #2   |    Column #3   |
               Time            |       AVG      |       SUM      |       AVG      |       SUM      |
               000.000-                    30018         28067522               72             3240
               =====================================================================================

           LOAD - The LOAD/Queue-Depth in each interval is calculated.
           The specified field must be a relative time field that
           represents a response time. For example smb.time. For each
           interval the Queue-Depth for the specified protocol is
           calculated.

           The following command displays the average SMB LOAD. A value
           of 1.0 represents one I/O in flight.

               tshark -n -q -r smb_reads_writes.cap
               -z "io,stat,0.001,LOAD(smb.time)smb.time"

               ============================================================================
               IO Statistics
               Interval:   0.001000 secs
               Column #0: LOAD(smb.time)smb.time
                                       |    Column #0   |
               Time                    |       LOAD     |
               0000.000000-0000.001000         1.000000
               0000.001000-0000.002000         0.741000
               0000.002000-0000.003000         0.000000
               0000.003000-0000.004000         1.000000

           FRAMES | BYTES[()filter] - Displays the total number of frames
           or bytes. The filter field is optional but if included it must
           be prepended with ''()''.

           The following command displays five columns: the total number
           of frames and bytes (transferred bidirectionally) using a
           single comma, the same two stats using the FRAMES and BYTES
           subcommands, the total number of frames containing at least
           one SMB Read response, and the total number of bytes
           transmitted to the client (unidirectionally) at IP address
           10.1.0.64.

               tshark -o tcp.desegment_tcp_streams:FALSE -n -q -r smb_reads.cap -z io,stat,0,,FRAMES,BYTES,
               "FRAMES()smb.cmd==0x2e and smb.response_to","BYTES()ip.dst==10.1.0.64"

               =======================================================================================================================
               IO Statistics
               Column #0:
               Column #1: FRAMES
               Column #2: BYTES
               Column #3: FRAMES()smb.cmd==0x2e and smb.response_to
               Column #4: BYTES()ip.dst==10.1.0.64
                               |            Column #0            |    Column #1   |    Column #2   |    Column #3   |    Column #4   |
               Time            |     Frames     |      Bytes     |     FRAMES     |     BYTES      |     FRAMES     |     BYTES      |
               000.000-                    33576         29721685            33576         29721685              870         29004801
               =======================================================================================================================

       -z ip_hosts,tree[,filter]
           Calculate statistics on IPv4 addresses, with source and
           destination addresses all grouped together.

       -z ip_srcdst,tree[,filter]
           Calculate statistics on IPv4 addresses, with source and
           destination addresses separated into separate categories.

       -z ip_ttl,tree[,filter]
           Calculate statistics on the time to live (TTL) values that
           occur for each IPv4 source address.

       -z ip6_dests,tree[,filter]
           Calculate statistics on IPv6 destination addresses and the
           protocols and ports appearing on each address.

       -z ip6_hosts,tree[,filter]
           Calculate statistics on IPv6 addresses, with source and
           destination addresses all grouped together.

       -z ip6_ptype,tree[,filter]
           Calculate statistics on port types that occur on IPv6 packets.

       -z ip6_srcdst,tree[,filter]
           Calculate statistics on IPv6 addresses, with source and
           destination addresses separated into separate categories.

       -z ip6_hop,tree[,filter]
           Calculate statistics on the hop limits that occur for each
           IPv6 source address.

       -z isup_msg,tree[,filter]
           Calculate statistics on ISUP messages. Displayed information
           is message types and direction (originating point code and
           destination point code.)

       -z lbmr_queue_ads_queue,tree[,filter]
           Calculate statistics on LBM Topic Resolution Packets. Displays
           queue advertisements collated by queue name and then source
           addresses and port.

       -z lbmr_queue_ads_source,tree[,filter]
           Calculate statistics on LBM Topic Resolution Packets. Displays
           queue advertisements collated by source address and then queue
           and port.

       -z lbmr_queue_queries_queue,tree[,filter]
           Calculate statistics on LBM Topic Resolution Packets. Displays
           queue queries collated by queue name and then receiver
           addresses.

       -z lbmr_queue_queries_receiver,tree[,filter]
           Calculate statistics on LBM Topic Resolution Packets. Displays
           queue queries collated by receiver address and then queue.

       -z lbmr_topic_ads_source,tree[,filter]
           Calculate statistics on LBM Topic Resolution Packets. Displays
           topic advertisements collated by source address and then topic
           name and source string.

       -z lbmr_topic_ads_topic,tree[,filter]
           Calculate statistics on LBM Topic Resolution Packets. Displays
           topic advertisements collated by topic name and then source
           address and source string.

       -z lbmr_topic_ads_transport,tree[,filter]
           Calculate statistics on LBM Topic Resolution Packets. Displays
           topic advertisements collated by source string and then topic
           name.

       -z lbmr_topic_queries_pattern,tree[,filter]
           Calculate statistics on LBM Topic Resolution Packets. Displays
           topic queries collated by pattern and then receiver address.

       -z lbmr_topic_queries_pattern_receiver,tree[,filter]
           Calculate statistics on LBM Topic Resolution Packets. Displays
           topic queries collated by receiver address and then pattern.

       -z lbmr_topic_queries_receiver,tree[,filter]
           Calculate statistics on LBM Topic Resolution Packets. Displays
           topic queries collated by receiver address and then topic
           name.

       -z lbmr_topic_queries_topic,tree[,filter]
           Calculate statistics on LBM Topic Resolution Packets. Displays
           topic queries collated by topic name and then receiver
           address.

       -z mac-3gpp,stat[,filter]

           This option will activate a counter for LTE or NR MAC
           messages. You will get information about the maximum number of
           UEs/TTI, common messages and various counters for each UE that
           appears in the log.

           Example: tshark -z mac-3gpp,stat.

           This option can be used multiple times on the command line.

           Example: -z "mac-3gpp,stat,mac-lte.rnti>3000" will only
           collect stats for LTE UEs with an assigned RNTI whose value is
           more than 3000.

       -z megaco,rtd[,filter]

           Collect requests/response RTD (Response Time Delay) data for
           MEGACO. (This is similar to -z smb,srt). Data collected is the
           number of calls for each known MEGACO Type, MinRTD, MaxRTD and
           AvgRTD. Additionally you get the number of duplicate
           requests/responses, unresponded requests, responses, which
           don’t match with any request. Example: -z megaco,rtd.

           Example: -z "megaco,rtd,ip.addr==1.2.3.4" will only collect
           stats for MEGACO packets exchanged by the host at IP address
           1.2.3.4 .

           This option can be used multiple times on the command line.

       -z mgcp,rtd[,filter]

           Collect requests/response RTD (Response Time Delay) data for
           MGCP. (This is similar to -z smb,srt). Data collected is the
           number of calls for each known MGCP Type, MinRTD, MaxRTD and
           AvgRTD. Additionally you get the number of duplicate
           requests/responses, unresponded requests, responses, which
           don’t match with any request. Example: -z mgcp,rtd.

           This option can be used multiple times on the command line.

           Example: -z "mgcp,rtd,ip.addr==1.2.3.4" will only collect
           stats for MGCP packets exchanged by the host at IP address
           1.2.3.4 .

       -z mtp3,msus[,filter]
           Calculate statistics on MTP3 MSUs. For each combination of
           originating point code, destination point code, and service
           indicator, calculates the total number of MSUs, the total
           bytes, and the average bytes per MSU.

       -z ncp,srt[,filter]
           Collect requests/response SRT (Service Response Time) data for
           Netware Core Protocol. Minimum SRT, maximum SRT, average SRT,
           and sum SRT is displayed for request/response pairs, organized
           by group, function and subfunction, and verb. No statistics
           are gathered on unpaired messages.

       -z oran-fh-cus,stat[,filter]
           Collect flow summaries for ORAN FH CUS traffic.

       -z osmux,tree[,filter]
           Calculate statistics for the OSmux voice/signaling multiplex
           protocol. Displays the total number of OSmux packets, and
           displays for each stream the number of packets, number of
           packets with the RTP market bit set, number of AMR frames,
           jitter analysis, and sequence number analysis.

       -z pfcp,srt[,filter]
           Collect requests/response SRT (Service Response Time) data for
           PFCP. Data collected is the number of calls, minimum SRT,
           maximum SRT, average SRT, and sum SRT for certain commands.
           Currently no statistics are gathered on unpaired messages.

       -z pingpongprotocol,stat[,filter]
           Calculate statistics on the Ping Pong Protocol of Reliable
           Server Pooling. For each message type, displays the number,
           rate and share among all message types of both packets and
           bytes, and the first and last time that it is seen.

       -z plen,tree[,filter]
           Calculate statistics on packet lengths. Packets are grouped
           into buckets that grow exponentially with powers of two.

       -z proto,colinfo,filter,field

           Append all field values for the packet to the Info column of
           the one-line summary output. This feature can be used to
           append arbitrary fields to the Info column in addition to the
           normal content of that column. field is the display-filter
           name of a field which value should be placed in the Info
           column. filter is a filter string that controls for which
           packets the field value will be presented in the info column.
           field will only be presented in the Info column for the
           packets which match filter.

               Note

               In order for TShark to be able to extract the field value
               from the packet, field MUST be part of the filter string.
               If not, TShark will not be able to extract its value.

           For a simple example to add the "nfs.fh.hash" field to the
           Info column for all packets containing the "nfs.fh.hash"
           field, use

           -z proto,colinfo,nfs.fh.hash,nfs.fh.hash

           To put "nfs.fh.hash" in the Info column but only for packets
           coming from host 1.2.3.4 use:

           -z "proto,colinfo,nfs.fh.hash && ip.src==1.2.3.4,nfs.fh.hash"

           This option can be used multiple times on the command line.

       -z ptype,tree[,filter]
           Calculate statistics on port types that occur on IPv4 packets.

       -z radius,rtd[,filter]
           Collect requests/response RTD (Response Time Delay) data for
           RADIUS. The data collected for each RADIUS code is the number
           of calls, Minimum RTD, Maximum RTD, Average RTD, Minimum in
           Frame, and Maximum in Frame, along with the number of Open
           Requests (Unresponded Requests), Discarded Responses
           (Responses without matching request) and Duplicate Messages.

       -z rlc-3gpp,stat[,filter]

           This option will activate a counter for LTE or NR RLC
           messages. You will get information about common messages and
           various counters for each UE that appears in the log.

           Example: tshark -z rlc-3gpp,stat.

           This option can be used multiple times on the command line.

           Example: -z "rlc-3gpp,stat,rlc-nr.ueid>3000" will only collect
           stats for NR UEs with a UEId of more than 3000.

       -z rpc,programs

           Collect call/reply SRT data for all known ONC-RPC
           programs/versions. Data collected is number of calls for each
           protocol/version, MinSRT, MaxSRT and AvgSRT. This option can
           only be used once on the command line.

       -z rpc,srt,program,version[,filter]

           Collect call/reply SRT (Service Response Time) data for
           program/version. Data collected is the number of calls for
           each procedure, MinSRT, MaxSRT, AvgSRT, and the total time
           taken for each procedure.

           Example: tshark -z rpc,srt,100003,3 will collect data for NFS
           v3.

           This option can be used multiple times on the command line.

           Example: -z rpc,srt,100003,3,nfs.fh.hash==0x12345678 will
           collect NFS v3 SRT statistics for a specific file.

       -z rtp,streams
           Collect statistics for all RTP streams and calculate max.
           delta, max. and mean jitter and packet loss percentages.

       -z rtsp,stat[,filter]
           Count the RTSP response status codes and the RSTP request
           methods.

       -z rtsp,tree[,filter]
           Calculate the RTSP packet distribution. Displayed values are
           the response status codes and request methods.

       -z sametime,tree[,filter]
           Calculate statistics on SAMETIME messages. Displayed values
           are the messages type, send type, and user status.

       -z scsi,srt,cmdset[,filter]

           Collect call/reply SRT (Service Response Time) data for SCSI
           commandset cmdset.

           Commandsets are 0:SBC   1:SSC  5:MMC

           Data collected is the number of calls for each procedure,
           MinSRT, MaxSRT and AvgSRT.

           Example: -z scsi,srt,0 will collect data for SCSI BLOCK
           COMMANDS (SBC).

           This option can be used multiple times on the command line.

           Example: -z scsi,srt,0,ip.addr==1.2.3.4 will collect SCSI SBC
           SRT statistics for a specific iscsi/ifcp/fcip host.

       -z sctp,stat
           Activate a counter for SCTP chunks. In addition to the total
           number of SCTP packets, for each source and destination
           address and port combination the number of chunks of the most
           common types (DATA, SACK, HEARTBEAT, HEARTBEAT ACK, INIT, INIT
           ACK, COOKIE ECHO, COOKIE ACK, ABORT, and ERROR) are displayed.

       -z sip,stat[,filter]

           This option will activate a counter for SIP messages. You will
           get the number of occurrences of each SIP Method and of each
           SIP Status-Code. Additionally you also get the number of
           resent SIP Messages (only for SIP over UDP).

           Example: -z sip,stat.

           This option can be used multiple times on the command line.

           Example: -z "sip,stat,ip.addr==1.2.3.4" will only collect
           stats for SIP packets exchanged by the host at IP address
           1.2.3.4 .

       -z smb,sids

           When this feature is used TShark will print a report with all
           the discovered SID and account name mappings. Only those SIDs
           where the account name is known will be presented in the
           table.

           For this feature to work you will need to either to enable
           "Edit/Preferences/Protocols/SMB/Snoop SID to name mappings" in
           the preferences or you can override the preferences by
           specifying -o "smb.sid_name_snooping:TRUE" on the TShark
           command line.

           The current method used by TShark to find the SID→name mapping
           is relatively restricted with a hope of future expansion.

       -z smb,srt[,filter]

           Collect call/reply SRT (Service Response Time) data for SMB.
           Data collected is number of calls for each SMB command,
           MinSRT, MaxSRT and AvgSRT.

           Example: -z smb,srt

           The data will be presented as separate tables for all normal
           SMB commands, all Transaction2 commands and all NT Transaction
           commands. Only those commands that are seen in the capture
           will have its stats displayed. Only the first command in a
           xAndX command chain will be used in the calculation. So for
           common SessionSetupAndX + TreeConnectAndX chains, only the
           SessionSetupAndX call will be used in the statistics. This is
           a flaw that might be fixed in the future.

           This option can be used multiple times on the command line.

           Example: -z "smb,srt,ip.addr==1.2.3.4" will only collect stats
           for SMB packets exchanged by the host at IP address 1.2.3.4 .

       -z smb2,srt[,filter]
           Collect call/reply SRT (Service Response Time) data for SMB
           versions 2 and 3. The data collected for each normal command
           type is the number of calls, MinSRT, MaxSRT, AvgSRT, and
           SumSRT. No data is collected on cancel or oplock break
           requests, or on unpaired commands. Only the first response to
           a given request is used; retransmissions are not included in
           the calculation.

       -z smpp_commands,tree[,filter]
           Calculate the SMPP command distribution. Displayed values are
           command IDs for both requests and responses, and status for
           responses.

       -z snmp,srt[,filter]
           Collect call/reply SRT (Service Response Time) data for SNMP.
           The data collected for each PDU type is the number of
           request/response pairs, MinSRT, MaxSRT, AvgSRT, and SumSRT. No
           data is collected on unpaired messages.

       -z  someip_messages,tree[,filter]
           Create statistic of SOME/IP messages. Messages are counted and
           displayed as Messages grouped by sender/receiver.

       -z  someipsd_entries,tree[,filter]
           Create statistic of SOME/IP-SD entries. Entries are counted
           and displayed as Entries grouped by sender/receiver.

       -z sv
           Print out the time since the start of the capture and sample
           count for each IEC 61850 Sampled Values packet.

       -z ucp_messages,tree[,filter]
           Calculate the message distribution of UCP packets. Displayed
           values are operation types for both operations and results,
           and whether results are positive or negative, with error codes
           displayed for negative results.

       -z wsp,stat[,filter]
           Count the PDU types and the status codes of reply packets for
           WSP packets.

       --capture-comment <comment>

           Add a capture comment to the output file, if supported by the
           output file format.

           This option may be specified multiple times. Note that
           Wireshark currently only displays the first comment of a
           capture file.

       --list-time-stamp-types
           List time stamp types supported for the interface. If no time
           stamp type can be set, no time stamp types are listed.

       --time-stamp-type <type>
           Change the interface’s timestamp method.

       --update-interval  <interval>
           Set the length of time in milliseconds between new packet
           reports during a capture. Also sets the granularity of file
           duration conditions. The default value is 100ms.

       --color
           Enable coloring of packets according to standard Wireshark
           color filters. On Windows colors are limited to the standard
           console character attribute colors. Other platforms require a
           terminal that handles 24-bit "true color" terminal escape
           sequences. See https://wiki.wireshark.org/ColoringRules for
           more information on configuring color filters.

       --no-duplicate-keys
           If a key appears multiple times in an object, only write it a
           single time with as value a json array containing all the
           separate values. (Only works with -T json)

       --elastic-mapping-filter <protocol>,<protocol>,...

           When generating the ElasticSearch mapping file, only put the
           specified protocols in it, to avoid a huge mapping file that
           can choke some software (such as Kibana). The option takes a
           list of wanted protocol abbreviations, separated by comma.

           Example: ip,udp,dns puts only those three protocols in the
           mapping file.

       --export-objects <protocol>,<destdir>

           Export all objects within a protocol into directory destdir.
           The available values for protocol can be listed with
           --export-objects help.

           The objects are directly saved in the given directory.
           Filenames are dependent on the dissector, but typically it is
           named after the basename of a file. Duplicate files are not
           overwritten, instead an increasing number is appended before
           the file extension.

           This interface is subject to change, adding the possibility to
           filter on files.

       --print-timers
           Output JSON containing elapsed times for each pass tshark does
           to process a capture file and the sum elapsed time for all
           passes. The per-pass output contains the total elapsed time
           and aggregate counters for per-packet operations (dissection
           and filtering).

       --compress <type>

           Compress the output file using the type compression format.
           --compress with no argument provides a list of the compression
           formats supported for writing. The type given takes precedence
           over the extension of outfile.

DISSECTION OPTIONS         top

       -d  <layer type>==<selector>,<decode-as protocol>

           Like Wireshark’s Decode As... feature, this lets you specify
           how a layer type should be dissected. If the layer type in
           question (for example, tcp.port or udp.port for a TCP or UDP
           port number) has the specified selector value, packets should
           be dissected as the specified protocol.

           Example 1. Decode As Port

               -d tcp.port==8888,http will decode any traffic running
               over TCP port 8888 as HTTP.

           Example 2. Decode As Port Range

               -d tcp.port==8888-8890,http will decode any traffic
               running over TCP ports 8888, 8889 or 8890 as HTTP.

           Example 3. Decode As Port Range via Length

               -d tcp.port==8888:3,http will decode any traffic running
               over the three TCP ports 8888, 8889 or 8890 as HTTP.

           Using an invalid selector or protocol will print out a list of
           valid selectors and protocol names, respectively.

           Example 4. Decode As List of Selectors

               -d . is a quick way to get a list of valid selectors.

           Example 5. Decode As List of Values for a Selector

               -d ethertype==0x0800,. is a quick way to get a list of
               protocols that can be selected with an ethertype.

       --disable-all-protocols
           Disable dissection of all protocols.

       --disable-protocol <proto_name>[,<proto_name>,...]
           Disable dissection of proto_name. Use a proto_name of ALL to
           override your chosen profile’s default enabled protocol list
           and temporarily disable all protocols.

       --disable-heuristic <short_name>
           Disable dissection of heuristic protocol.

       --enable-protocol <proto_name>[,<proto_name>,...]

           Enable dissection of proto_name. Use a proto_name of ALL to
           override your chosen profile’s default disabled protocol list
           and temporarily enable all protocols which are enabled by
           default.

           If a protocol is implicated in both --disable-protocol and
           --enable-protocol, the protocol is enabled. This allows you to
           temporarily disable all protocols but a list of exceptions.
           Example: --disable-protocol ALL --enable-protocol eth,ip

       --enable-heuristic <short_name>
           Enable dissection of heuristic protocol.

       -K  <keytab>

           Load kerberos crypto keys from the specified keytab file. This
           option can be used multiple times to load keys from several
           files.

           Example: -K krb5.keytab

       -n
           Disable network object name resolution (such as hostname, TCP
           and UDP port names); the -N option might override this one.

       -N  <name resolving flags>

           Turn on name resolving only for particular types of addresses
           and port numbers, with name resolving for other types of
           addresses and port numbers turned off. This option (along with
           -n) can be specified multiple times; the last value given
           overrides earlier ones. This option and -n override the
           options from the preferences, including preferences set via
           the -o option. If both -N and -n options are not present, the
           values from the preferences are used, which default to -N dmN.

           The argument is a string that may contain the letters:

           d to enable resolution from captured DNS packets

           g to enable IP address geolocation information lookup from
           configured MaxMind databases

           m to enable MAC address resolution

           n to enable network address resolution

           N to enable using external resolvers (e.g., DNS) for network
           address resolution; no effect without n also enabled.

           s to enable address resolution using SNI information found in
           captured handshake packets

           t to enable transport-layer port number resolution

           v to enable VLAN IDs to names resolution

               Caution

               In tshark single-pass mode, external resolution and
               geolocation lookup is performed synchronously. For live
               captures, which are always in single-pass mode, this makes
               it more difficult for dissection to keep up with a busy
               network, possibly leading to dropped packets.

       --only-protocols <protocols>
           Only enable dissection of these protocols, comma separated.
           Disable everything else.

       -t  (a|ad|adoy|d|dd|e|r|u|ud|udoy)[.[N]]|.[N]

           Set the format of the packet timestamp displayed in the
           default time column. The format can be one of:

           a absolute: The absolute time, as local time in your time
           zone, is the actual time the packet was captured, with no date
           displayed

           ad absolute with date: The absolute date, displayed as
           YYYY-MM-DD, and time, as local time in your time zone, is the
           actual time and date the packet was captured

           adoy absolute with date using day of year: The absolute date,
           displayed as YYYY/DOY, and time, as local time in your time
           zone, is the actual time and date the packet was captured

           d delta: The delta time is the time since the previous packet
           was captured

           dd delta_displayed: The delta_displayed time is the time since
           the previous displayed packet was captured

           e epoch: The time in seconds since epoch (Jan 1, 1970
           00:00:00)

           r relative: The relative time is the time elapsed between the
           first packet and the current packet

           u UTC: The absolute time, as UTC with a "Z" suffix, is the
           actual time the packet was captured, with no date displayed

           ud UTC with date: The absolute date, displayed as YYYY-MM-DD,
           and time, as UTC with a "Z" suffix, is the actual time and
           date the packet was captured

           udoy UTC with date using day of year: The absolute date,
           displayed as YYYY/DOY, and time, as UTC with a "Z" suffix, is
           the actual time and date the packet was captured

           .[N] Set the precision: N is the number of decimals (0 through
           9). If using "." without N, automatically determine precision
           from trace.

           The default format is relative with precision based on capture
           format.

       -u <s|hms>

           Specifies how packet timestamp formats in -t which are
           relative times (i.e. relative, delta, and delta_displayed) are
           displayed. Valid choices are:

           s for seconds

           hms for hours, minutes, and seconds

           The default format is seconds.

DIAGNOSTIC OPTIONS         top

       --log-level <level>
           Set the active log level. Supported levels in lowest to
           highest order are "noisy", "debug", "info", "message",
           "warning", "critical", and "error". Messages at each level and
           higher will be printed, for example "warning" prints
           "warning", "critical", and "error" messages and "noisy" prints
           all messages. Levels are case insensitive.

       --log-fatal <level>
           Abort the program if any messages are logged at the specified
           level or higher. For example, "warning" aborts on any
           "warning", "critical", or "error" messages.

       --log-domains <list>
           Only print messages for the specified log domains, e.g.
           "GUI,Epan,sshdump". List of domains must be comma-separated.
           Can be negated with "!" as the first character (inverts the
           match).

       --log-debug <list>
           Force the specified domains to log at the "debug" level. List
           of domains must be comma-separated. Can be negated with "!" as
           the first character (inverts the match).

       --log-noisy <list>
           Force the specified domains to log at the "noisy" level. List
           of domains must be comma-separated. Can be negated with "!" as
           the first character (inverts the match).

       --log-fatal-domains <list>
           Abort the program if any messages are logged for the specified
           log domains. List of domains must be comma-separated.

       --log-file <path>
           Write log messages and stderr output to the specified file.

CAPTURE FILTER SYNTAX         top

       See the manual page of pcap-filter(7) or, if that doesn’t exist,
       tcpdump(8), or, if that doesn’t exist,
       https://wiki.wireshark.org/CaptureFilters.

READ FILTER SYNTAX         top

       For a complete table of protocol and protocol fields that are
       filterable in TShark see the wireshark-filter(4) manual page.

FILES         top

       These files contain various Wireshark configuration settings.

       Preferences

           The preferences files contain global (system-wide) and
           personal preference settings. If the system-wide preference
           file exists, it is read first, overriding the default
           settings. If the personal preferences file exists, it is read
           next, overriding any previous values. Note: If the command
           line flag -o is used (possibly more than once), it will in
           turn override values from the preferences files.

           The preferences settings are in the form prefname:value, one
           per line, where prefname is the name of the preference and
           value is the value to which it should be set; white space is
           allowed between : and value. A preference setting can be
           continued on subsequent lines by indenting the continuation
           lines with white space. A # character starts a comment that
           runs to the end of the line:

               # Vertical scrollbars should be on right side?
               # TRUE or FALSE (case-insensitive).
               gui.scrollbar_on_right: TRUE

           The global preferences file is looked for in the wireshark
           directory under the share subdirectory of the main
           installation directory. On macOS, this would typically be
           /Application/Wireshark.app/Contents/Resources/share; on other
           UNIX-compatible systems, such as Linux, \*BSD, Solaris, and
           AIX, this would typically be /usr/share/wireshark/preferences
           for system-installed packages and
           /usr/local/share/wireshark/preferences for locally-installed
           packages; on Windows, this would typically be C:\Program
           Files\Wireshark\preferences.

           On UNIX-compatible systems, the personal preferences file is
           looked for in $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/wireshark/preferences, (or, if
           $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/wireshark does not exist while
           $HOME/.wireshark does exist, $HOME/.wireshark/preferences);
           this is typically $HOME/.config/wireshark/preferences. On
           Windows, the personal preferences file is looked for in
           %APPDATA%\Wireshark\preferences (or, if %APPDATA% isn’t
           defined, %USERPROFILE%\Application
           Data\Wireshark\preferences).

       Disabled (Enabled) Protocols

           The disabled_protos files contain system-wide and personal
           lists of protocols that have been disabled, so that their
           dissectors are never called. The files contain protocol names,
           one per line, where the protocol name is the same name that
           would be used in a display filter for the protocol:

               http
               tcp     # a comment

           If a protocol is listed in the global disabled_protos file it
           cannot be enabled by the user.

           The global disabled_protos file uses the same directory as the
           global preferences file.

           The personal disabled_protos file uses the same directory as
           the personal preferences file.

           The disabled_protos files list only protocols that are enabled
           by default but have been disabled; protocols that are disabled
           by default (such as some postdissectors) are not listed. There
           are analogous enabled_protos files for protocols that are
           disabled by default but have been enabled.

       Heuristic Dissectors

           The heuristic_protos files contain system-wide and personal
           lists of heuristic dissectors and indicate whether they are
           enabled or disabled. The files contain heuristic dissector
           unique short names, one per line, followed by a comma and 0
           for disabled and 1 for enabled:

               quic,1
               rtcp_stun,1
               rtcp_udp,1
               rtp_stun,0
               rtp_udp,0
               tls_tcp,1

           The global heuristic_protos file uses the same directory as
           the global preferences file.

           The personal heuristic_protos file uses the same directory as
           the personal preferences file.

       Name Resolution (hosts)

           Entries in hosts files in the global and personal preferences
           directory are used to resolve IPv4 and IPv6 addresses before
           any other attempts are made to resolve them. The file has the
           standard hosts file syntax; each line contains one IP address
           and name, separated by whitespace. The personal hosts file, if
           present, overrides the one in the global directory.

           Capture filter name resolution is handled by libpcap on
           UNIX-compatible systems, such as Linux, macOS, \*BSD, Solaris,
           and AIX, and Npcap on Windows. As such the Wireshark personal
           hosts file will not be consulted for capture filter name
           resolution.

       Name Resolution (subnets)

           If an IPv4 address cannot be translated via name resolution
           (no exact match is found) then a partial match is attempted
           via the subnets file. Both the global subnets file and
           personal subnets files are used if they exist.

           Each line of this file consists of an IPv4 address, a subnet
           mask length separated only by a / and a name separated by
           whitespace. While the address must be a full IPv4 address, any
           values beyond the mask length are subsequently ignored.

           An example is:

           # Comments must be prepended by the # sign! 192.168.0.0/24
           ws_test_network

           A partially matched name will be printed as
           "subnet-name.remaining-address". For example, "192.168.0.1"
           under the subnet above would be printed as
           "ws_test_network.1"; if the mask length above had been 16
           rather than 24, the printed address would be
           "ws_test_network.0.1".

       Name Resolution (ethers)

           The ethers files are consulted to correlate 6-byte EUI-48 and
           8-byte EUI-64 hardware addresses to names. First the personal
           ethers file is tried and if an address is not found there the
           global ethers file is tried next.

           The file has a similar format to that defined by ethers(5) on
           some UNIX-like systems. Each line contains one hardware
           address and name, separated by whitespace (tabs or spaces).
           The hexadecimal digits of the hardware address are separated
           by colons (:), dashes (-) or periods (.). The same separator
           character must be used consistently in an address. A #
           indicates a comment that extends to the rest of the line. Both
           6-byte MAC and 8-byte EUI-64 addresses are supported. The
           following four lines are valid lines of an ethers file:

               ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff          Broadcast
               c0-00-ff-ff-ff-ff          TR_broadcast
               00.00.00.00.00.00          Zero_broadcast
               00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00    EUI64_zero_broadcast

           Note that this accepts a greater variety of formats than the
           file defined by ethers(5) on most UN*X systems.

           The global ethers file is looked for in the /etc directory on
           UNIX-compatible systems, such as Linux, macOS, \*BSD, Solaris,
           and AIX, and in the main installation directory (for example,
           C:\Program Files\Wireshark) on Windows systems.

           The personal ethers file is looked for in the same directory
           as the personal preferences file.

           Capture filter name resolution is handled by libpcap on
           UNIX-compatible systems and Npcap on Windows. As such the
           Wireshark personal ethers file will not be consulted for
           capture filter name resolution.

       Name Resolution (manuf)

           The manuf file is used to match the 3-byte vendor portion of a
           6-byte hardware address with the manufacturer’s name; it can
           also contain well-known MAC addresses and address ranges
           specified with a netmask. The format of the file is similar
           the ethers files, except that entries such as:

               00:00:0C      Cisco     Cisco Systems, Inc

           can be provided, with the 3-byte OUI and both an abbreviated
           and long name for a vendor, and entries such as:

               00-00-0C-07-AC/40     All-HSRP-routers

           can be specified, with a MAC address and a mask indicating how
           many bits of the address must match. The above entry, for
           example, has 40 significant bits, or 5 bytes, and would match
           addresses from 00-00-0C-07-AC-00 through 00-00-0C-07-AC-FF.
           The mask need not be a multiple of 8.

           A global manuf file is looked for in the same directory as the
           global preferences file, and a personal manuf file is looked
           for in the same directory as the personal preferences file.

           In earlier versions of Wireshark, official information from
           the IEEE Registration Authority was distributed in this format
           as the global manuf file. This information is now compiled in
           to speed program startup, but the internal information can be
           written out in this format with tshark -G manuf.

           In addition to the manuf file, another file with the same
           format, wka, is looked for in the global directory. This file
           is distributed with Wireshark, and contains data about
           well-known MAC adddresses and address ranges assembled from
           various non IEEE but respected sources.

       Name Resolution (services)

           The services file is used to translate port numbers into
           names. Both the global services file and personal services
           files are used if they exist.

           The file has the standard services file syntax; each line
           contains one (service) name and one transport identifier
           separated by white space. The transport identifier includes
           one port number and one transport protocol name (typically
           tcp, udp, or sctp) separated by a /.

           An example is:

           mydns       5045/udp     # My own Domain Name Server mydns
           5045/tcp     # My own Domain Name Server

           In earlier versions of Wireshark, official information from
           the IANA Registry was distributed in this format as the global
           services file. This information is now compiled in to speed
           program startup, but the internal information can be written
           out in this format with tshark -G services.

       Name Resolution (ipxnets)

           The ipxnets files are used to correlate 4-byte IPX network
           numbers to names. First the global ipxnets file is tried and
           if that address is not found there the personal one is tried
           next.

           The format is the same as the ethers file, except that each
           address is four bytes instead of six. Additionally, the
           address can be represented as a single hexadecimal number, as
           is more common in the IPX world, rather than four hex octets.
           For example, these four lines are valid lines of an ipxnets
           file:

               C0.A8.2C.00              HR
               c0-a8-1c-00              CEO
               00:00:BE:EF              IT_Server1
               110f                     FileServer3

           The global ipxnets file is looked for in the /etc directory on
           UNIX-compatible systems, such as Linux, macOS, \*BSD, Solaris,
           and AIX, and in the main installation directory (for example,
           C:\Program Files\Wireshark) on Windows systems.

           The personal ipxnets file is looked for in the same directory
           as the personal preferences file.

       Name Resolution (ss7pcs)

           The ss7pcs file is used to translate SS7 point codes to names.
           It is read from the personal configuration directory.

           Each line in this file consists of one network indicator
           followed by a dash followed by a point code in decimal and a
           node name separated by whitespace. An example is:

               2-1234 MyPointCode1

       Name Resolution (vlans)

           The vlans file is used to translate VLAN tag IDs into names.
           It is read from the personal configuration directory.

           Each line in this file consists of one VLAN tag ID separated
           by whitespace from a name. An example is:

               123    Server-Lan
               2049   HR-Client-LAN

       Color Filters (Coloring Rules)

           The colorfilters files contain system-wide and personal color
           filters. Each line contains one filter, starting with the
           string displayed in the dialog box, followed by the
           corresponding display filter. Then the background and
           foreground colors are appended:

               # a comment
               @tcp@tcp@[59345,58980,65534][0,0,0]
               @udp@udp@[28834,57427,65533][0,0,0]

           The global colorfilters file uses the same directory as the
           global preferences file.

           The personal colorfilters file uses the same directory as the
           personal preferences file. It is written through the
           View:Coloring Rules dialog.

           If the global colorfilters file exists, it is used only if the
           personal colorfilters file does not exist; global and personal
           color filters are not merged.

       Plugins

           Wireshark looks for plugins in both a personal plugin folder
           and a global plugin folder.

           On UNIX-compatible systems, such as Linux, macOS, \*BSD,
           Solaris, and AIX, the global plugin directory is
           lib/wireshark/plugins/ (on some systems substitute lib64 for
           lib) under the main installation directory (for example,
           /usr/local/lib/wireshark/plugins/). The personal plugin
           directory is $HOME/.local/lib/wireshark/plugins.

           On macOS, if Wireshark is installed as an application bundle,
           the global plugin folder is instead
           %APPDIR%/Contents/PlugIns/wireshark.

           On Windows, the global plugin folder is plugins/ under the
           main installation directory (for example, C:\Program
           Files\Wireshark\plugins\). The personal plugin folder is
           %APPDATA%\Wireshark\plugins (or, if %APPDATA% isn’t defined,
           %USERPROFILE%\Application Data\Wireshark\plugins).

           Lua plugins are stored in the plugin folders; compiled plugins
           are stored in subfolders of the plugin folders, with the
           subfolder name being the Wireshark minor version number (X.Y).
           There is another hierarchical level for each Wireshark plugin
           type (libwireshark, libwiretap and codecs). For example, the
           location for a libwireshark plugin foo.so (foo.dll on Windows)
           would be PLUGINDIR/X.Y/epan (libwireshark used to be called
           libepan; the other folder names are codecs and wiretap).

               Note

               On UNIX-compatible systems, Lua plugins (but not binary
               plugins) may also be placed in
               $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/wireshark/plugins, (or, if
               $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/wireshark does not exist while
               $HOME/.wireshark does exist, $HOME/.wireshark/plugins.)

           Note that a dissector plugin module may support more than one
           protocol; there is not necessarily a one-to-one correspondence
           between dissector plugin modules and protocols. Protocols
           supported by a dissector plugin module are enabled and
           disabled in the same way as protocols built into Wireshark.

OUTPUT         top

       TShark uses UTF-8 to represent strings internally. In some cases
       the output might not be valid. For example, a dissector might
       generate invalid UTF-8 character sequences. Programs reading
       TShark output should expect UTF-8 and be prepared for invalid
       output.

       If TShark detects that it is writing to a TTY on a UNIX-compatible
       system, such as Linux, macOS, \*BSD, Solaris, and AIX, and the
       locale does not support UTF-8, output will be re-encoded to match
       the current locale.

       If TShark detects that it is writing to the console on Windows,
       dissection output will be encoded as UTF-16LE. Other output will
       be UTF-8. If extended characters don’t display properly in your
       terminal you might try setting your console code page to UTF-8
       (chcp 65001) and using a modern terminal application if possible.

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES         top

       WIRESHARK_CONFIG_DIR
           This environment variable overrides the location of personal
           configuration files. On UNIX-compatible systems, such as
           Linux, macOS, \*BSD, Solaris, and AIX, it defaults to
           $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/wireshark (or, if that directory doesn’t
           exist but $HOME/.wireshark does exist, $HOME/.wireshark); this
           is typically $HOME/.config/wireshark. On Windows, it defaults
           to %APPDATA%\Wireshark (or, if %APPDATA% isn’t defined,
           %USERPROFILE%\Application Data\Wireshark). Available since
           Wireshark 3.0.

       WIRESHARK_DEBUG_WMEM_OVERRIDE
           Setting this environment variable forces the wmem framework to
           use the specified allocator backend for all allocations,
           regardless of which backend is normally specified by the code.
           This is mainly useful to developers when testing or debugging.
           See README.wmem in the source distribution for details.

       WIRESHARK_RUN_FROM_BUILD_DIRECTORY
           This environment variable causes the plugins and other data
           files to be loaded from the build directory (where the program
           was compiled) rather than from the standard locations. It has
           no effect when the program in question is running with root
           (or setuid) permissions on UNIX-compatible systems, such as
           Linux, macOS, \*BSD, Solaris, and AIX.

       WIRESHARK_DATA_DIR
           This environment variable causes the various data files to be
           loaded from a directory other than the standard locations. It
           has no effect when the program in question is running with
           root (or setuid) permissions on UNIX-compatible systems.

       WIRESHARK_EXTCAP_DIR
           This environment variable causes the various extcap programs
           and scripts to be run from a directory other than the standard
           locations. It has no effect when the program in question is
           running with root (or setuid) permissions on UNIX-compatible
           systems.

       WIRESHARK_PLUGIN_DIR
           This environment variable causes the various plugins to be
           loaded from a directory other than the standard locations. It
           has no effect when the program in question is running with
           root (or setuid) permissions on UNIX-compatible systems.

       ERF_RECORDS_TO_CHECK
           This environment variable controls the number of ERF records
           checked when deciding if a file really is in the ERF format.
           Setting this environment variable a number higher than the
           default (20) would make false positives less likely.

       IPFIX_RECORDS_TO_CHECK
           This environment variable controls the number of IPFIX records
           checked when deciding if a file really is in the IPFIX format.
           Setting this environment variable a number higher than the
           default (20) would make false positives less likely.

       WIRESHARK_ABORT_ON_DISSECTOR_BUG
           If this environment variable is set, TShark will call abort(3)
           when a dissector bug is encountered. abort(3) will cause the
           program to exit abnormally; if you are running TShark in a
           debugger, it should halt in the debugger and allow inspection
           of the process, and, if you are not running it in a debugger,
           it will, on some OSes, assuming your environment is configured
           correctly, generate a core dump file. This can be useful to
           developers attempting to troubleshoot a problem with a
           protocol dissector.

       WIRESHARK_ABORT_ON_TOO_MANY_ITEMS
           If this environment variable is set, TShark will call abort(3)
           if a dissector tries to add too many items to a tree
           (generally this is an indication of the dissector not breaking
           out of a loop soon enough). abort(3) will cause the program to
           exit abnormally; if you are running TShark in a debugger, it
           should halt in the debugger and allow inspection of the
           process, and, if you are not running it in a debugger, it
           will, on some OSes, assuming your environment is configured
           correctly, generate a core dump file. This can be useful to
           developers attempting to troubleshoot a problem with a
           protocol dissector.

       WIRESHARK_LOG_LEVEL
           This environment variable controls the verbosity of diagnostic
           messages to the console. From less verbose to most verbose
           levels can be critical, warning, message, info, debug or
           noisy. Levels above the current level are also active. Levels
           critical and error are always active.

       WIRESHARK_LOG_FATAL
           Sets the fatal log level. Fatal log levels cause the program
           to abort. This level can be set to Error, critical or warning.
           Error is always fatal and is the default.

       WIRESHARK_LOG_DOMAINS
           This environment variable selects which log domains are
           active. The filter is given as a case-insensitive comma
           separated list. If set only the included domains will be
           enabled. The default domain is always considered to be
           enabled. Domain filter lists can be preceded by '!' to invert
           the sense of the match.

       WIRESHARK_LOG_DEBUG
           List of domains with debug log level. This sets the level of
           the provided log domains and takes precedence over the active
           domains filter. If preceded by '!' this disables the debug
           level instead.

       WIRESHARK_LOG_NOISY
           Same as above but for noisy log level instead.

SEE ALSO         top

       wireshark-filter(4), wireshark(1), editcap(1), pcap(3),
       dumpcap(1), text2pcap(1), mergecap(1), pcap-filter(7) or
       tcpdump(8)

NOTES         top

       This is the manual page for TShark 4.5.0. TShark is part of the
       Wireshark distribution. The latest version of Wireshark can be
       found at https://www.wireshark.org.

       HTML versions of the Wireshark project man pages are available at
       https://www.wireshark.org/docs/man-pages.

AUTHORS         top

       TShark uses the same packet dissection code that Wireshark does,
       as well as using many other modules from Wireshark; see the list
       of authors in the Wireshark man page for a list of authors of that
       code..SH COLOPHON This page is part of the wireshark
       (Interactively dump and analyze network traffic) project.
       Information about the project can be found at 
       ⟨https://www.wireshark.org/⟩. If you have a bug report for this
       manual page, see
       ⟨https://gitlab.com/wireshark/wireshark/-/issues⟩. This page was
       obtained from the project's upstream Git repository
       ⟨https://gitlab.com/wireshark/wireshark.git⟩ on 2025-08-11. (At
       that time, the date of the most recent commit that was found in
       the repository was 2025-08-11.) If you discover any rendering
       problems in this HTML version of the page, or you believe there is
       a better or more up-to-date source for the page, or you have
       corrections or improvements to the information in this COLOPHON
       (which is not part of the original manual page), send a mail to
       [email protected]

                                2025-08-09                      TSHARK(1)

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