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NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | ALGORITHM | CLASSIFICATION | QDISC PARAMETERS | SEE ALSO | EXAMPLE | AUTHORS | COLOPHON |
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MQPRIO(8) Linux MQPRIO(8)
MQPRIO - Multiqueue Priority Qdisc (Offloaded Hardware QOS)
tc qdisc ... dev dev ( parent classid | root) [ handle major: ]
mqprio
[ num_tc tcs ] [ map P0 P1 P2... ] [ queues count1@offset1
count2@offset2 ... ]
[ hw 1|0 ] [ mode dcb|channel ] [ shaper dcb|bw_rlimit ]
[ min_rate min_rate1 min_rate2 ... ] [ max_rate max_rate1
max_rate2 ... ]
[ fp FP0 FP1 FP2 ... ]
The MQPRIO qdisc is a simple queuing discipline that allows
mapping traffic flows to hardware queue ranges using priorities
and a configurable priority to traffic class mapping. A traffic
class in this context is a set of contiguous qdisc classes which
map 1:1 to a set of hardware exposed queues.
By default the qdisc allocates a pfifo qdisc (packet limited first
in, first out queue) per TX queue exposed by the lower layer
device. Other queuing disciplines may be added subsequently.
Packets are enqueued using the map parameter and hashed across the
indicated queues in the offset and count. By default these
parameters are configured by the hardware driver to match the
hardware QOS structures.
Channel mode supports full offload of the mqprio options, the
traffic classes, the queue configurations and QOS attributes to
the hardware. Enabled hardware can provide hardware QOS with the
ability to steer traffic flows to designated traffic classes
provided by this qdisc. Hardware based QOS is configured using the
shaper parameter. bw_rlimit with minimum and maximum bandwidth
rates can be used for setting transmission rates on each traffic
class. Also further qdiscs may be added to the classes of MQPRIO
to create more complex configurations.
On creation with 'tc qdisc add', eight traffic classes are created
mapping priorities 0..7 to traffic classes 0..7 and priorities
greater than 7 to traffic class 0. This requires base driver
support and the creation will fail on devices that do not support
hardware QOS schemes.
These defaults can be overridden using the qdisc parameters.
Providing the 'hw 0' flag allows software to run without hardware
coordination.
If hardware coordination is being used and arguments are provided
that the hardware can not support then an error is returned. For
many users hardware defaults should work reasonably well.
As one specific example numerous Ethernet cards support the 802.1Q
link strict priority transmission selection algorithm (TSA).
MQPRIO enabled hardware in conjunction with the classification
methods below can provide hardware offloaded support for this TSA.
Multiple methods are available to set the SKB priority which
MQPRIO uses to select which traffic class to enqueue the packet.
From user space
A process with sufficient privileges can encode the
destination class directly with SO_PRIORITY, see socket(7).
with iptables/nftables
An iptables/nftables rule can be created to match traffic
flows and set the priority. iptables(8)
with net_prio cgroups
The net_prio cgroup can be used to set the priority of all
sockets belong to an application. See kernel and cgroup
documentation for details.
num_tc Number of traffic classes to use. Up to 16 classes
supported. You cannot have more classes than queues
map The priority to traffic class map. Maps priorities 0..15 to
a specified traffic class.
queues Provide count and offset of queue range for each traffic
class. In the format, count@offset. Queue ranges for each
traffic classes cannot overlap and must be a contiguous
range of queues.
hw Set to 1 to support hardware offload. Set to 0 to configure
user specified values in software only. The default value
of this parameter is 1
mode Set to channel for full use of the mqprio options. Use dcb
to offload only TC values and use hardware QOS defaults.
Supported with 'hw' set to 1 only.
shaper Use bw_rlimit to set bandwidth rate limits for a traffic
class. Use dcb for hardware QOS defaults. Supported with
'hw' set to 1 only.
min_rate
Minimum value of bandwidth rate limit for a traffic class.
Supported only when the 'shaper' argument is set to
'bw_rlimit'.
max_rate
Maximum value of bandwidth rate limit for a traffic class.
Supported only when the 'shaper' argument is set to
'bw_rlimit'.
fp Selects whether traffic classes are express (deliver
packets via the eMAC) or preemptible (deliver packets via
the pMAC), according to IEEE 802.1Q-2018 clause 6.7.2 Frame
preemption. Takes the form of an array (one element per
traffic class) with values being 'E' (for express) or 'P'
(for preemptible).
Multiple priorities which map to the same traffic class, as
well as multiple TXQs which map to the same traffic class,
must have the same FP attributes. To interpret the FP as
an attribute per priority, the 'map' argument can be used
for translation. To interpret FP as an attribute per TXQ,
the 'queues' argument can be used for translation.
Traffic classes are express by default. The argument is
supported only with 'hw' set to 1. Preemptible traffic
classes are accepted only if the device has a MAC Merge
layer configurable through ethtool(8).
ethtool(8)
The following example shows how to attach priorities to 4 traffic
classes ("num_tc 4"), and then how to pair these traffic classes
with 4 hardware queues with mqprio, with hardware coordination
("hw 1", or does not specified, because 1 is the default value).
Traffic class 0 (tc0) is mapped to hardware queue 0 (q0), tc1 is
mapped to q1, tc2 is mapped to q2, and tc3 is mapped q3.
# tc qdisc add dev eth0 root mqprio num_tc 4 map 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 queues 1@0 1@1 1@2 1@3 hw 1
The next example shows how to attach priorities to 3 traffic
classes ("num_tc 3"), and how to pair these traffic classes with 4
queues, without hardware coordination ("hw 0"). Traffic class 0
(tc0) is mapped to hardware queue 0 (q0), tc1 is mapped to q1, tc2
and is mapped to q2 and q3, where the queue selection between
these two queues is somewhat randomly decided.
# tc qdisc add dev eth0 root mqprio num_tc 3 map 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 queues 1@0 1@1 2@2 hw 0
In both cases from above the priority values from 0 to 3 (prio0-3)
are mapped to tc0, prio4-7 are mapped to tc1, and the prio8-11 are
mapped to tc2 ("map" attribute). The last four priority values
(prio12-15) are mapped in different ways in the two examples.
They are mapped to tc3 in the first example and mapped to tc2 in
the second example. The values of these two examples are the
following:
┌────┬────┬───────┐ ┌────┬────┬────────┐
│Prio│ tc │ queue │ │Prio│ tc │ queue │
├────┼────┼───────┤ ├────┼────┼────────┤
│ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │ │ 0 │ 0 │ 0 │
│ 1 │ 0 │ 0 │ │ 1 │ 0 │ 0 │
│ 2 │ 0 │ 0 │ │ 2 │ 0 │ 0 │
│ 3 │ 0 │ 0 │ │ 3 │ 0 │ 0 │
│ 4 │ 1 │ 1 │ │ 4 │ 1 │ 1 │
│ 5 │ 1 │ 1 │ │ 5 │ 1 │ 1 │
│ 6 │ 1 │ 1 │ │ 6 │ 1 │ 1 │
│ 7 │ 1 │ 1 │ │ 7 │ 1 │ 1 │
│ 8 │ 2 │ 2 │ │ 8 │ 2 │ 2 or 3 │
│ 9 │ 2 │ 2 │ │ 9 │ 2 │ 2 or 3 │
│ 10 │ 2 │ 2 │ │ 10 │ 2 │ 2 or 3 │
│ 11 │ 2 │ 2 │ │ 11 │ 2 │ 2 or 3 │
│ 12 │ 3 │ 3 │ │ 12 │ 2 │ 2 or 3 │
│ 13 │ 3 │ 3 │ │ 13 │ 2 │ 2 or 3 │
│ 14 │ 3 │ 3 │ │ 14 │ 2 │ 2 or 3 │
│ 15 │ 3 │ 3 │ │ 15 │ 2 │ 2 or 3 │
└────┴────┴───────┘ └────┴────┴────────┘
example1 example2
Another example of queue mapping is the following. There are 5
traffic classes, and there are 8 hardware queues.
# tc qdisc add dev eth0 root mqprio num_tc 5 map 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 queues 1@0 2@1 1@3 1@4 3@5
The value mapping is the following for this example:
┌───────┐
tc0────┤Queue 0│◄────1@0
├───────┤
┌─┤Queue 1│◄────2@1
tc1──┤ ├───────┤
└─┤Queue 2│
├───────┤
tc2────┤Queue 3│◄────1@3
├───────┤
tc3────┤Queue 4│◄────1@4
├───────┤
┌─┤Queue 5│◄────3@5
│ ├───────┤
tc4──┼─┤Queue 6│
│ ├───────┤
└─┤Queue 7│
└───────┘
John Fastabend, <[email protected]>
This page is part of the iproute2 (utilities for controlling
TCP/IP networking and traffic) project. Information about the
project can be found at
⟨http://www.linuxfoundation.org/collaborate/workgroups/networking/iproute2⟩.
If you have a bug report for this manual page, send it to
[email protected], [email protected]. This page was
obtained from the project's upstream Git repository
⟨https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/network/iproute2/iproute2.git⟩ on
2025-08-11. (At that time, the date of the most recent commit
that was found in the repository was 2025-08-08.) If you discover
any rendering problems in this HTML version of the page, or you
believe there is a better or more up-to-date source for the page,
or you have corrections or improvements to the information in this
COLOPHON (which is not part of the original manual page), send a
mail to [email protected]
iproute2 24 Sept 2013 MQPRIO(8)
Pages that refer to this page: tc(8), tc-taprio(8)
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HTML rendering created 2025-09-06 by Michael Kerrisk, author of The Linux Programming Interface. For details of in-depth Linux/UNIX system programming training courses that I teach, look here. Hosting by jambit GmbH. |
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