sudo_logsrvd(8) — Linux manual page

NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | FILES | EXAMPLES | SEE ALSO | AUTHORS | BUGS | SUPPORT | DISCLAIMER | COLOPHON

SUDO_LOGSRVD(8)          System Manager's Manual         SUDO_LOGSRVD(8)

NAME         top

       sudo_logsrvd — sudo event and I/O log server

SYNOPSIS         top

       sudo_logsrvd [-hnV] [-f file] [-R percentage]

DESCRIPTION         top

       sudo_logsrvd is a high-performance log server that accepts event
       and I/O logs from sudo.  It can be used to implement centralized
       logging of sudo logs.  The server has two modes of operation:
       local and relay.  By default, sudo_logsrvd stores the logs
       locally but it can also be configured to relay them to another
       server that supports the sudo_logsrv.proto(5) protocol.

       When not relaying, event log entries may be logged either via
       syslog(3) or to a local file.  I/O Logs stored locally by
       sudo_logsrvd can be replayed via the sudoreplay(8) utility in the
       same way as logs generated directly by the sudoers plugin.

       The server also supports restarting interrupted log transfers.
       To distinguish completed I/O logs from incomplete ones, the I/O
       log timing file is set to be read-only when the log is complete.

       Configuration parameters for sudo_logsrvd may be specified in the
       sudo_logsrvd.conf(5) file or the file specified via the -f
       option.

       sudo_logsrvd rereads its configuration file when it receives
       SIGHUP and writes server state to the debug file (if one is
       configured) when it receives SIGUSR1.

       The options are as follows:

       -f file, --file=file
               Read configuration from file instead of the default,
               /etc/sudo_logsrvd.conf.

       -h, --help
               Display a short help message to the standard output and
               exit.

       -n, --no-fork
               Run sudo_logsrvd in the foreground instead of detaching
               from the terminal and becoming a daemon.

       -R percentage, --random-drop=percentage
               For each message, there is a percentage chance that the
               server will drop the connection.  This is only intended
               for debugging the ability of a client to restart a
               connection.

       -V, --version
               Print the sudo_logsrvd version and exit.

   Securing server connections
       The I/O log data sent to sudo_logsrvd may contain sensitive
       information such as passwords and should be secured using
       Transport Layer Security (TLS).  Doing so requires having a
       signed certificate on the server and, if tls_checkpeer is enabled
       in sudo_logsrvd.conf(5), a signed certificate on the client as
       well.

       The certificates can either be signed by a well-known Certificate
       Authority (CA), or a private CA can be used.  Instructions for
       creating a private CA are included below in the “EXAMPLES”
       section.

   Debugging sudo_logsrvd
       sudo_logsrvd supports a flexible debugging framework that is
       configured via Debug lines in the sudo.conf(5) file.

       For more information on configuring sudo.conf(5), refer to its
       manual.

FILES         top

       /etc/sudo.conf            Sudo front-end configuration

       /etc/sudo_logsrvd.conf    Sudo log server configuration file

       /var/log/sudo_logsrvd/incoming
                                 Directory where new journals are stored
                                 when the store_first relay setting is
                                 enabled.

       /var/log/sudo_logsrvd/outgoing
                                 Directory where completed journals are
                                 stored when the store_first relay
                                 setting is enabled.

       /var/log/sudo-io          Default I/O log file location

       /run/sudo/sudo_logsrvd.pid
                                 Process ID file for sudo_logsrvd

EXAMPLES         top

   Creating self-signed certificates
       Unless you are using certificates signed by a well-known
       Certificate Authority (or a local enterprise CA), you will need
       to create your own CA that can sign the certificates used by
       sudo_logsrvd, sudo_sendlog, and the sudoers plugin.  The
       following steps use the openssl(1) command to create keys and
       certificates.

   Initial setup
       First, we need to create a directory structure to store the files
       for the CA.  We'll create a new directory hierarchy in
       /etc/ssl/sudo for this purpose.

           # mkdir /etc/ssl/sudo
           # cd /etc/ssl/sudo
           # mkdir certs csr newcerts private
           # chmod 700 private
           # touch index.txt
           # echo 1000 > serial

       The serial and index.txt files are used to keep track of signed
       certificates.

       Next, we need to make a copy of the openssl.conf file and
       customize it for our new CA.  The path to openssl.cnf is system-
       dependent but /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf is the most common location.
       You will need to adjust the example below if it has a different
       location on your system.

           # cp /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf .

       Now edit the openssl.cnf file in the current directory and make
       sure it contains “ca”, “CA_default”, “v3_ca”, and “usr_cert”
       sections.  Those sections should include at least the following
       settings:

           [ ca ]
           default_ca              = CA_default

           [ CA_default ]
           dir                     = /etc/ssl/sudo
           certs                   = $dir/certs
           database                = $dir/index.txt
           certificate             = $dir/cacert.pem
           serial                  = $dir/serial

           [ v3_ca ]
           subjectKeyIdentifier    = hash
           authorityKeyIdentifier  = keyid:always,issuer
           basicConstraints        = critical,CA:true
           keyUsage                = cRLSign, keyCertSign

           [ usr_cert ]
           basicConstraints        = CA:FALSE
           keyUsage                = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, \
                                     keyEncipherment
           subjectKeyIdentifier    = hash
           authorityKeyIdentifier  = keyid,issuer

       If your openssl.conf file already has a “CA_default” section, you
       may only need to modify the “dir” setting and enable the
       “keyUsage” settings if they are commented out.

   Creating the CA key and certificate
       In order to create and sign our own certificates, we need to
       create a private key and a certificate for the root of the CA.
       First, create the private key and protect it with a pass phrase:

           # openssl genrsa -aes256 -out private/cakey.pem 4096
           # chmod 400 private/cakey.pem

       Next, generate the root certificate, using appropriate values for
       the site-specific fields:

           # openssl req -config openssl.cnf -key private/cakey.pem \
               -new -x509 -days 7300 -sha256 -extensions v3_ca \
               -out cacert.pem

           Enter pass phrase for private/cakey.pem:
           You are about to be asked to enter information that will be
           incorporated into your certificate request.
           What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name
           or a DN.
           There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank.
           For some fields there will be a default value,
           If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
           -----
           Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:US
           State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:Colorado
           Locality Name (eg, city) []:
           Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgets Pty Ltd]:sudo
           Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:sudo Certificate Authority
           Common Name (e.g., server FQDN or YOUR name) []:sudo Root CA
           Email Address []:

           # chmod 444 cacert.pem

       Finally, verify the root certificate:

           # openssl x509 -noout -text -in cacert.pem

   Creating and signing certificates
       The server and client certificates will be signed by the
       previously created root CA.  Usually, the root CA is not used to
       sign server/client certificates directly.  Instead, intermediate
       certificates are created and signed with the root CA and the
       intermediate certs are used to sign CSRs (Certificate Signing
       Request).  In this example we'll skip this part for simplicity's
       sake and sign the CSRs with the root CA.

       First, generate the private key without a pass phrase.

           # openssl genrsa -out private/logsrvd_key.pem 2048
           # chmod 400 private/logsrvd_key.pem

       Next, create a certificate signing request (CSR) for the server's
       certificate.  The organization name must match the name given in
       the root certificate.  The common name should be either the
       server's IP address or a fully qualified domain name.

           # openssl req -config openssl.cnf -key private/logsrvd_key.pem -new \
               -sha256 -out csr/logsrvd_csr.pem

           Enter pass phrase for private/logsrvd_key.pem:
           You are about to be asked to enter information that will be
           incorporated into your certificate request.
           What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name
           or a DN.
           There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank.
           For some fields there will be a default value,
           If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
           -----
           Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:US
           State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:Colorado
           Locality Name (eg, city) []:
           Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgets Pty Ltd]:sudo
           Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:sudo log server
           Common Name (e.g., server FQDN or YOUR name) []:logserver.example.com
           Email Address []:

           Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
           to be sent with your certificate request
           A challenge password []:
           An optional company name []:

       Now sign the CSR that was just created:

           # openssl ca -config openssl.cnf -days 375 -notext -md sha256 \
               -in csr/logsrvd_csr.pem -out certs/logsrvd_cert.pem

           Using configuration from openssl.cnf
           Enter pass phrase for ./private/cakey.pem:
           Check that the request matches the signature
           Signature ok
           Certificate Details:
                   Serial Number: 4096 (0x1000)
                   Validity
                       Not Before: Nov 11 14:05:05 2019 GMT
                       Not After : Nov 20 14:05:05 2020 GMT
                   Subject:
                       countryName               = US
                       stateOrProvinceName       = Colorado
                       organizationName          = sudo
                       organizationalUnitName    = sudo log server
                       commonName                = logserve.example.com
                   X509v3 extensions:
                       X509v3 Basic Constraints:
                           CA:FALSE
                       X509v3 Key Usage:
                           Digital Signature, Non Repudiation, Key Encipherment
                       X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
                           4C:50:F9:D0:BE:1A:4C:B2:AC:90:76:56:C7:9E:16:AE:E6:9E:E5:B5
                       X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
                           keyid:D7:91:24:16:B1:03:06:65:1A:7A:6E:CF:51:E9:5C:CB:7A:95:3E:0C

           Certificate is to be certified until Nov 20 14:05:05 2020 GMT (375 days)
           Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y

           1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
           Write out database with 1 new entries
           Data Base Updated

       Finally, verify the new certificate:

           # openssl verify -CAfile cacert.pem certs/logsrvd_cert.pem
           certs/logsrvd_cert.pem: OK

       The /etc/ssl/sudo/certs directory now contains a signed and
       verified certificate for use with sudo_logsrvd.

       To generate a client certificate, repeat the process above using
       a different file name.

   Configuring sudo_logsrvd to use TLS
       To use TLS for client/server communication, both sudo_logsrvd and
       the sudoers plugin need to be configured to use TLS.  Configuring
       sudo_logsrvd for TLS requires the following settings, assuming
       the same path names used earlier:

           # Listen on port 30344 for TLS connections to any address.
           listen_address = *:30344(tls)

           # Path to the certificate authority bundle file in PEM format.
           tls_cacert = /etc/ssl/sudo/cacert.pem

           # Path to the server's certificate file in PEM format.
           tls_cert = /etc/ssl/sudo/certs/logsrvd_cert.pem

           # Path to the server's private key file in PEM format.
           tls_key = /etc/ssl/sudo/private/logsrvd_key.pem

       The root CA cert (cacert.pem) must be installed on the system
       running sudo_logsrvd.  If peer authentication is enabled on the
       client, a copy of cacert.pem must be present on the client system
       too.

SEE ALSO         top

       sudo.conf(5), sudo_logsrvd.conf(5), sudoers(5), sudo(8),
       sudo_sendlog(8), sudoreplay(8)

AUTHORS         top

       Many people have worked on sudo over the years; this version
       consists of code written primarily by:

             Todd C. Miller

       See the CONTRIBUTORS.md file in the sudo distribution
       (https://www.sudo.ws/about/contributors/) for an exhaustive list
       of people who have contributed to sudo.

BUGS         top

       If you believe you have found a bug in sudo_logsrvd, you can
       either file a bug report in the sudo bug database,
       https://bugzilla.sudo.ws/, or open an issue at
       https://github.com/sudo-project/sudo/issues.  If you would prefer
       to use email, messages may be sent to the sudo-workers mailing
       list, https://www.sudo.ws/mailman/listinfo/sudo-workers (public)
       or <[email protected]> (private).

       Please not report security vulnerabilities through public GitHub
       issues, Bugzilla or mailing lists.  Instead, report them via
       email to <[email protected]>.  You may encrypt your message
       with PGP if you would like, using the key found at
       https://www.sudo.ws/dist/PGPKEYS.

SUPPORT         top

       Limited free support is available via the sudo-users mailing
       list, see https://www.sudo.ws/mailman/listinfo/sudo-users to
       subscribe or search the archives.

DISCLAIMER         top

       sudo_logsrvd is provided “AS IS” and any express or implied
       warranties, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties
       of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose are
       disclaimed.  See the LICENSE.md file distributed with sudo or
       https://www.sudo.ws/about/license/ for complete details.

COLOPHON         top

       This page is part of the sudo (execute a command as another user)
       project.  Information about the project can be found at
       https://www.sudo.ws/.  If you have a bug report for this manual
       page, see ⟨https://bugzilla.sudo.ws/⟩.  This page was obtained
       from the project's upstream Git repository
       ⟨https://github.com/sudo-project/sudo⟩ on 2024-06-14.  (At that
       time, the date of the most recent commit that was found in the
       repository was 2024-06-08.)  If you discover any rendering
       problems in this HTML version of the page, or you believe there
       is a better or more up-to-date source for the page, or you have
       corrections or improvements to the information in this COLOPHON
       (which is not part of the original manual page), send a mail to
       [email protected]

Sudo 1.9.16                 January 16, 2023             SUDO_LOGSRVD(8)