wg(8) — Linux manual page

NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | COMMANDS | CONFIGURATION FILE FORMAT | CONFIGURATION FILE FORMAT EXAMPLE | DEBUGGING INFORMATION | ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES | SEE ALSO | AUTHOR | COLOPHON

WG(8)                           WireGuard                          WG(8)

NAME         top

       wg - set and retrieve configuration of WireGuard interfaces

SYNOPSIS         top

       wg [ COMMAND ] [ OPTIONS ]... [ ARGS ]...

DESCRIPTION         top

       wg is the configuration utility for getting and setting the
       configuration of WireGuard tunnel interfaces. The interfaces
       themselves can be added and removed using ip-link(8) and their IP
       addresses and routing tables can be set using ip-address(8) and
       ip-route(8).  The wg utility provides a series of sub-commands
       for changing WireGuard-specific aspects of WireGuard interfaces.

       If no COMMAND is specified, COMMAND defaults to show.  Sub-
       commands that take an INTERFACE must be passed a WireGuard
       interface.

COMMANDS         top

       show { <interface> | all | interfaces } [public-key | private-key
       | listen-port | fwmark | peers | preshared-keys | endpoints |
       allowed-ips | latest-handshakes | persistent-keepalive | transfer
       | dump]
              Shows current WireGuard configuration and runtime
              information of specified <interface>.  If no <interface>
              is specified, <interface> defaults to all.  If interfaces
              is specified, prints a list of all WireGuard interfaces,
              one per line, and quits. If no options are given after the
              interface specification, then prints a list of all
              attributes in a visually pleasing way meant for the
              terminal. Otherwise, prints specified information grouped
              by newlines and tabs, meant to be used in scripts. For
              this script-friendly display, if all is specified, then
              the first field for all categories of information is the
              interface name. If dump is specified, then several lines
              are printed; the first contains in order separated by tab:
              private-key, public-key, listen-port, fwmark. Subsequent
              lines are printed for each peer and contain in order
              separated by tab: public-key, preshared-key, endpoint,
              allowed-ips, latest-handshake, transfer-rx, transfer-tx,
              persistent-keepalive.

       showconf <interface>
              Shows the current configuration of <interface> in the
              format described by CONFIGURATION FILE FORMAT below.

       set <interface> [listen-port <port>] [fwmark <fwmark>] [private-
       key <file-path>] [peer <base64-public-key> [remove] [preshared-
       key <file-path>] [endpoint <ip>:<port>] [persistent-keepalive
       <interval seconds>] [allowed-ips
       <ip1>/<cidr1>[,<ip2>/<cidr2>]...] ]...
              Sets configuration values for the specified <interface>.
              Multiple peers may be specified, and if the remove
              argument is given for a peer, that peer is removed, not
              configured. If listen-port is not specified, or set to 0,
              the port will be chosen randomly when the interface comes
              up. Both private-key and preshared-key must be files,
              because command line arguments are not considered private
              on most systems but if you are using bash(1), you may
              safely pass in a string by specifying as private-key or
              preshared-key the expression: <(echo PRIVATEKEYSTRING). If
              /dev/null or another empty file is specified as the
              filename for either private-key or preshared-key, the key
              is removed from the device. The use of preshared-key is
              optional, and may be omitted; it adds an additional layer
              of symmetric-key cryptography to be mixed into the already
              existing public-key cryptography, for post-quantum
              resistance.  If allowed-ips is specified, but the value is
              the empty string, all allowed ips are removed from the
              peer. The use of persistent-keepalive is optional and is
              by default off; setting it to 0 or "off" disables it.
              Otherwise it represents, in seconds, between 1 and 65535
              inclusive, how often to send an authenticated empty packet
              to the peer, for the purpose of keeping a stateful
              firewall or NAT mapping valid persistently. For example,
              if the interface very rarely sends traffic, but it might
              at anytime receive traffic from a peer, and it is behind
              NAT, the interface might benefit from having a persistent
              keepalive interval of 25 seconds; however, most users will
              not need this. The use of fwmark is optional and is by
              default off; setting it to 0 or "off" disables it.
              Otherwise it is a 32-bit fwmark for outgoing packets and
              may be specified in hexadecimal by prepending "0x".

       setconf <interface> <configuration-filename>
              Sets the current configuration of <interface> to the
              contents of <configuration-filename>, which must be in the
              format described by CONFIGURATION FILE FORMAT below.

       addconf <interface> <configuration-filename>
              Appends the contents of <configuration-filename>, which
              must be in the format described by CONFIGURATION FILE
              FORMAT below, to the current configuration of <interface>.

       syncconf <interface> <configuration-filename>
              Like setconf, but reads back the existing configuration
              first and only makes changes that are explicitly different
              between the configuration file and the interface. This is
              much less efficient than setconf, but has the benefit of
              not disrupting current peer sessions. The contents of
              <configuration-filename> must be in the format described
              by CONFIGURATION FILE FORMAT below.

       genkey Generates a random private key in base64 and prints it to
              standard output.

       genpsk Generates a random preshared key in base64 and prints it
              to standard output.

       pubkey Calculates a public key and prints it in base64 to
              standard output from a corresponding private key
              (generated with genkey) given in base64 on standard input.

              A private key and a corresponding public key may be
              generated at once by calling:
                  $ umask 077
                  $ wg genkey | tee private.key | wg pubkey > public.key

       help   Shows usage message.

CONFIGURATION FILE FORMAT         top

       The configuration file format is based on INI. There are two top
       level sections -- Interface and Peer. Multiple Peer sections may
       be specified, but only one Interface section may be specified.

       The Interface section may contain the following fields:

       •      PrivateKey — a base64 private key generated by wg genkey.
              Required.

       •      ListenPort — a 16-bit port for listening. Optional; if not
              specified, chosen randomly.

       •      FwMark — a 32-bit fwmark for outgoing packets. If set to 0
              or "off", this option is disabled. May be specified in
              hexadecimal by prepending "0x". Optional.

       The Peer sections may contain the following fields:

       •      PublicKey — a base64 public key calculated by wg pubkey
              from a private key, and usually transmitted out of band to
              the author of the configuration file. Required.

       •      PresharedKey — a base64 preshared key generated by wg
              genpsk. Optional, and may be omitted. This option adds an
              additional layer of symmetric-key cryptography to be mixed
              into the already existing public-key cryptography, for
              post-quantum resistance.

       •      AllowedIPs — a comma-separated list of IP (v4 or v6)
              addresses with CIDR masks from which incoming traffic for
              this peer is allowed and to which outgoing traffic for
              this peer is directed. The catch-all 0.0.0.0/0 may be
              specified for matching all IPv4 addresses, and ::/0 may be
              specified for matching all IPv6 addresses. May be
              specified multiple times.

       •      Endpoint — an endpoint IP or hostname, followed by a
              colon, and then a port number. This endpoint will be
              updated automatically to the most recent source IP address
              and port of correctly authenticated packets from the peer.
              Optional.

       •      PersistentKeepalive — a seconds interval, between 1 and
              65535 inclusive, of how often to send an authenticated
              empty packet to the peer for the purpose of keeping a
              stateful firewall or NAT mapping valid persistently. For
              example, if the interface very rarely sends traffic, but
              it might at anytime receive traffic from a peer, and it is
              behind NAT, the interface might benefit from having a
              persistent keepalive interval of 25 seconds. If set to 0
              or "off", this option is disabled. By default or when
              unspecified, this option is off. Most users will not need
              this. Optional.

CONFIGURATION FILE FORMAT EXAMPLE         top

       This example may be used as a model for writing configuration
       files, following an INI-like syntax. Characters after and
       including a '#' are considered comments and are thus ignored.

           [Interface]
           PrivateKey = yAnz5TF+lXXJte14tji3zlMNq+hd2rYUIgJBgB3fBmk=
           ListenPort = 51820

           [Peer]
           PublicKey = xTIBA5rboUvnH4htodjb6e697QjLERt1NAB4mZqp8Dg=
           Endpoint = 192.95.5.67:1234
           AllowedIPs = 10.192.122.3/32, 10.192.124.1/24

           [Peer]
           PublicKey = TrMvSoP4jYQlY6RIzBgbssQqY3vxI2Pi+y71lOWWXX0=
           Endpoint = [2607:5300:60:6b0::c05f:543]:2468
           AllowedIPs = 10.192.122.4/32, 192.168.0.0/16

           [Peer]
           PublicKey = gN65BkIKy1eCE9pP1wdc8ROUtkHLF2PfAqYdyYBz6EA=
           Endpoint = test.wireguard.com:18981
           AllowedIPs = 10.10.10.230/32

DEBUGGING INFORMATION         top

       Sometimes it is useful to have information on the current runtime
       state of a tunnel. When using the Linux kernel module on a kernel
       that supports dynamic debugging, debugging information can be
       written into dmesg(1) by running as root:

           # modprobe wireguard && echo module wireguard +p >
       /sys/kernel/debug/dynamic_debug/control

       On OpenBSD and FreeBSD, debugging information can be written into
       dmesg(1) on a per-interface basis by using ifconfig(1):

           # ifconfig wg0 debug

       On userspace implementations, it is customary to set the
       LOG_LEVEL environment variable to verbose.

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES         top

       WG_COLOR_MODE
              If set to always, always print ANSI colorized output. If
              set to never, never print ANSI colorized output. If set to
              auto, something invalid, or unset, then print ANSI
              colorized output only when writing to a TTY.

       WG_HIDE_KEYS
              If set to never, then the pretty-printing show sub-command
              will show private and preshared keys in the output. If set
              to always, something invalid, or unset, then private and
              preshared keys will be printed as "(hidden)".

       WG_ENDPOINT_RESOLUTION_RETRIES
              If set to an integer or to infinity, DNS resolution for
              each peer's endpoint will be retried that many times for
              non-permanent errors, with an increasing delay between
              retries. If unset, the default is 15 retries.

SEE ALSO         top

       wg-quick(8), ip(8), ip-link(8), ip-address(8), ip-route(8).

AUTHOR         top

       wg was written by Jason A. Donenfeld ⟨[email protected]⟩.  For
       updates and more information, a project page is available on the
       World Wide Web ⟨https://www.wireguard.com/⟩.

COLOPHON         top

       This page is part of the wireguard-tools (WireGuard Tools)
       project.  Information about the project can be found at 
       ⟨https://www.wireguard.com/⟩.  If you have a bug report for this
       manual page, see
       ⟨https://lists.zx2c4.com/mailman/listinfo/wireguard⟩.  This page
       was obtained from the project's upstream Git repository
       ⟨https://git.zx2c4.com/wireguard-tools/⟩ on 2024-06-14.  (At that
       time, the date of the most recent commit that was found in the
       repository was 2023-08-04.)  If you discover any rendering
       problems in this HTML version of the page, or you believe there
       is a better or more up-to-date source for the page, or you have
       corrections or improvements to the information in this COLOPHON
       (which is not part of the original manual page), send a mail to
       [email protected]

ZX2C4                        2015 August 13                        WG(8)

Pages that refer to this page: systemd.netdev(5)wg-quick(8)